The present study is aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of three series of hydroxytriazenes based on sulfa drugs viz; Sulphathiazole (ST), Sulfisoxazole (SF) and Sulphamethoxazole (SM). Antidiabetic activities of the synthesized hydroxytriazenes were investigated by α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition method and IC 50 values were recorded. The compounds presented significant α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition effect with IC 50 values ranging from 122 to 341 μg/mL. Anti-inflammatory activity was also investigated by carrageenan-induced paw edema (CPE) method, where % inhibition was up to 89% after 4 h of treatment and antioxidant properties of the similar compounds were assessed by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. Antioxidant capacity of all the hydroxytriazenes detected by ABTS assay, was significantly higher as compared to DPPH assay. The hydroxytriazenes having highest antioxidant capacity presented IC 50 values for compound ST-1 and ST-6 are 488 μg/mL for DPPH, 54.12 μg/mL for ABTS and 858.5 μg/mL for DPPH, 48.0 μg/mL for ABTS, respectively. These results suggested that ABTS assay may be more useful than DPPH assay for synthetic antioxidants. The findings from the molecular docking experiments may also expand the formation of new potent sulpha drugs based hydroxytriazenes targeting towards the subunit of C-terminal of human maltaseglucoamylase for the treatment of diabetes metabolic disorder. Overall, highlight the multifunctional role of hydroxytriazenes as antidiabetic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents.

Supported metal nanoparticles (NPs) catalysed chemical transformations have been a vital area of research over the last few decades. Catalysis by supported NPs not only plays a pivotal role in the production of fine chemicals such as coupling products, heterocycles, alcohols, carbonyl compounds, acids, etc. but also provides sustainable chemical processes. The use of supported metal NPs provides a much prosperous basis than conventional homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts for tuning reactivity, recyclability, high productivity and environment benevolent alternative for C−H functionalization. Consequently, as evidenced in the literature, various support materials such as silica, metal oxides, zeolites, carbon‐based materials, bio‐materials, magnetic materials, and MOFs have been moderately investigated in order to exploit their benefit in supported metal NPs catalyzed various C−H functionalizations. This review aims to summarize recent advances in the development of new support materials or novel supported NPs catalytic systems for functionalization of the challenging C−H bond under heterogeneous conditions. Furthermore, a deep scientific understanding of the mechanisms, active species, role of base and oxidants for these systems are also discussed to gain insight into the advance in the rational design of efficient catalytic systems, which may serve as an inspiration to researchers in their future work.

Solid supported catalysts have been of considerable interest in organic synthesis for last few years. Solid support provides an efficient heterogeneous catalytic system owing to facile recovery and extensive recycling by simple filtration because of possessing 3-R approach (Recoverable, Robust and Recyclable) and makes solid supported catalyst more appealing nowadays. In view of the high cost and shortage of furthermost used palladium catalyst, its recovery and recycling are vital issues for any large-scale application which are being overcome by using solid supported catalytic systems. Therefore, a variety of inorganic and organic solid-supported catalytic systems have been developed so far in order to address these challenges. This review attempts highlight a number of solid supported catalytic systems in the pro-active area of widely used C−C cross coupling reactions.

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Marble slurry is a waste product from marble processing industries, which can facilitate cost-effective, and environmentally sustainable catalyst support for metal catalyzed organic transformations, it can offer a waste-to-wealth concept. In this context, we developed a reusable MS supported ligandfree palladium nanoparticles catalyst for Mizoroki-Heck and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions. The prepared catalyst is found to be very efficient and facile with maximum TON 4.13 × 10 2 and TOF 102 h À 1 with good to excellent yields in aerobic conditions. The catalyst was recuperated after each reaction and reused upto five catalytic cycles affording quite satisfactory stability.