The tropical fruits are sensitive to low storage temperatures, so optimal parameters have been searched for storage and transport for the purpose of maintaining its overall quality as long as possible to the consumer. The effect of different storage temperatures (6, 10, 15, 21 and 27 °C) and storage durations (0 to 20 d) on total phenolics and enzymatic activity of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) on sapodilla (Achras sapota L.) fruit was investigated. The extraction and quantitation of protein and phenols from fruit was performed, then the enzymatic activity of PPO, POD and CAT was determined. The concentration of total phenolics decreased in the control fruit. POD activity was 3268.7 ± 1.4 U g-1 in ripening and senescence of sapodilla stored at 27 °C. CAT activity reached a peak of 34.0 ± 0.25 U g-1 in senescence in control fruit. PPO activity remained unchanged in the ripening stage and until consumption. The best storage temperatures to prolong the post-harvest life of the sapodilla fruit were 6 °C and 10 °C when storage was at low temperatures. POD activity was inactivated during sapodilla storage at low temperatures (6 and 10 °C) and after being transferred to 27 °C the activity was reactivated. Likewise of fruits stored at 21 °C after being transferred to 27 °C the POD activity was reactive with a maximum value of 46.3 ± 0.012 U g-1. Enzyme activity decreased at low temperatures, which contributed to the preservation of the fruit, showing that the cold retards the maturation processes.
This study evaluated the effect of HS extracted from mineral coal on the growth of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and melon (Cucumis melo) plants to determine the role that humic substances (HS) play as promoters of plant growth. Three concentrations of HS were evaluated in 200 grams of soil. The fertilizer (urea 0.3%) and humic acid in concentrations of 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2% were added directly and at the same time to the amount of soil, using a control sample without the addition of humic acid. Increase measurements were made at three-day intervals up to 45 days. Plants treated with high concentrations of HS demonstrated a significant increase in roots (p>0.05). In both plants, the concentration of 0.2% in HS showed the greatest increase in growth, with the melon plant showing the greatest variation as time passed, with its highest peak in 36 days (13.1 ± 0.05cm) of the experiment, while in the tomato plant the maximum growth occurred in 30 days (9.2 ± 0.01 cm). The Dunnett test showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the control and the concentrations of 0.05% and 0.1% (p>0.05), while among the control and the soil sample with a concentration of 0.2% there was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). The results show a notable influence of humic acid on the growth of the studied plants, especially at high concentrations. Keywords: fertilizer, horticulture, humic acid, soils.
The Humic substance has been recognized widely as a plant growth promoter because they induce changes in root, architecture and dynamics of growth which result in larger root size. The aim of this study was evaluating the effect Humic acids on the chili pepper (Capsicum annuum) and eggplant (Solanum melongena) plants growing in soils fertilized with urea. 200 g of soil were incorporated to the fertilizer once and the Humic acid in concentrations of 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2%. All measurements growths were carried out during 45 days growth. The finding shows that all treatments cause significant increases (p < 0.05) in the total area of roots. For the chili pepper, the multiple comparison tests of Tukey and Dunnett showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the control soils and the soils containing 0.1% and 0.2% of Humic acid. By the opposite, no statistical differences (p > 0.05) were observed among control soil and those containing 0.05 % of Humic acid. Concerning the eggplant, significant differences were established (p<0.05) between the control and samples incorporated with 0.1% and 0.2% of Humic acid. The Humic acids act as a growth biostimulant in chili pepper plants (Capsicum annuum) and eggplant (Solanum melongena).
El durazno pertenece a la familia de las rosáceas; es una fruta muy apetecible por su agradable sabor y cualidades nutritivas. La semilla de durazno, al igual que otras frutas, es rica en aceites y compuestos fenólicos, además de tener gran contenido de ácidos grasos insaturados, que la hacen muy útil para la industria alimentaria. En el presente trabajo se determinaron algunos índices de calidad del aceite extraído de la semilla. la composición en ácidos grasos se determinó por cromatografia gaseosa con detector de masa, en un equipo agilent 7683-B, con columna capilar HP-5MS. La actividad antioxidante de las semillas de durazno, mediante la actividad Orac y Frap. Los resultados muestran que el aceite de semilla contiene un alto ´porcentaje de ácidos grasos insaturados (91.6 +- 2.65%), en lo que se destacan, el ácido oleico, linoleico, palmitoleico y otros. El contenido de fenol encontrado fue de 93.8 +- 2.24 mg GAE/100g, respectivamente. Los resultados muestran que el aceite de semilla ofrece una valiosa fuente de ácidos grasos y una excelente actividad antioxidante debido al contenido de fenoles que contiene.
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