*Autor correspondente
SUMMARYSince different pedologists will draw different soil maps of a same area, it is important to compare the differences between mapping by specialists and mapping techniques, as for example currently intensively discussed Digital Soil Mapping. Four detailed soil maps (scale 1:10.000) of a 182-ha sugarcane farm in the county of Rafard, São Paulo State, Brazil, were compared. The area has a large variation of soil formation factors. The maps were drawn independently by four soil scientists and compared with a fifth map obtained by a digital soil mapping technique. All pedologists were given the same set of information. As many field expeditions and soil pits as required by each surveyor were provided to define the mapping units (MUs). For the Digital Soil Map (DSM), spectral data were extracted from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery as well as six terrain attributes from the topographic map of the area. These data were summarized by principal component analysis to generate the map designs of groups through Fuzzy K-means clustering. Field observations were made to identify the soils in the MUs and classify them according to the Brazilian Soil Classification System (BSCS). To compare the conventional and digital (DSM) soil maps, they were crossed pairwise to generate confusion matrices that were mapped. The categorical analysis at each classification level of the BSCS showed that the agreement between the maps (1) Part of the Dissertation of the first author, submitted to the Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" -ESALQ/USP.Received for publication on November 1st, 2012 and approved on July 11, 2013. (2 RESUMO: COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE MAPAS DE SOLOS DETALHADOS OBTIDOS PELOS MÉTODOS CONVENCIONAL E DIGITAL EM
Resumo -O meio científico carece de métodos que efetivem a utilização da espectroradiometria em mapeamentos de solos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o uso do sensoriamento remoto espectral com o método convencional, na obtenção de mapas de solos. Utilizando o mapa planialtimétrico como base, trinta pontos de amostragem foram demarcados na área de estudo. As amostras foram coletadas a 0-20, 40-60 e 80-100 cm de profundidade em cada ponto, todos georreferenciados, totalizando noventa amostras nas quais foram feitas as análises químicas, físicas e radiométricas. Os dados radiométricos foram obtidos em laboratório usando o espectrorradiômetro IRIS, na faixa de 400-2.500 nm. Pela análise e interpretação dos dados espectrais juntamente com as curvas de nível, obteve-se um mapa espectral detalhado de solos. Na mesma área foi obtido um mapa de solos detalhado pelo método convencional. Foram identificadas quatro classes de solos em ambos os mapas, com boa correlação, demonstrando que os dados espectrais podem ser utilizados como instrumento no mapeamento de solos. A utilização conjunta dos dados de sensoriamento remoto espectral, curvas de nível e trabalho de campo permite a obtenção do mapa detalhado de solos.Termos para indexação: mapeamento de solos, radiometria, geoprocessamento. Comparison between soil maps obtained by spectral remote sensing and conventional methodAbstract -The objective of this work was to compare the use of the spectral remote sensing for producing soil maps to the conventional method. Using a planialtimetric base map, thirty sampling points were demarcated in the studied area. The samples were collected at 0-20, 40-60 and 80-100 cm depth in each point, all georreferenced, with the total of ninety samples in which the chemical, physical and radiometric analyses were performed. The radiometric data were obtained in laboratory using the spectroradiometer IRIS, in the range of 400-2,500 nm. Using the analyses and interpretation of both the spectral and the planialtimetric data, a detailed spectral soil map was obtained. For the same area, a conventional detailed map was also obtained. Four soil classes were identified in both maps. The produced maps presented good correlation, demonstrating that spectral data can be used as tool in soil survey. The use of spectral remote sensing, planialtimetric data and field work allows the obtention of a detailed soil map.Index terms: soil survey, radiometry, geoprocessing. IntroduçãoA distribuição espacial das diferentes classes de solos que ocorrem em uma área é normalmente visualizada a partir de mapas pedológicos. No Brasil, os levantamentos são antigos e pouco detalhados, como os do projeto Radam (escala 1:1.000.000) e os realizados pela Embrapa. O Estado de São Paulo é o que apresenta mapas com melhor nível de detalhamento, tais como as cartas semi-detalhadas feitas pelo IAC que, mesmo assim, não cobrem todo o Estado.Com a crescente preocupação ambiental, existe uma necessidade do monitoramento das condições dos recursos naturais e da implantação da...
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