Vascular malformations are frequent in the head and neck region, affecting the nervous system. The wide range of therapeutic approaches demand the correct anatomical, morphological, and functional characterization of these lesions supported by imaging. Using a systematic search protocol in PubMed, Google Scholar, Ebsco, Redalyc, and SciELO, the authors extracted clinical studies, review articles, book chapters, and case reports that provided information about vascular cerebral malformations, in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 385,614 articles were grouped; using the inclusion and exclusion criteria, three of the authors independently selected 51 articles about five vascular cerebral malformations: venous malformation, brain capillary telangiectasia, brain cavernous angiomas, arteriovenous malformation, and leptomeningeal angiomatosis as part of Sturge–Weber syndrome. We described the next topics—“definition”, “etiology”, “pathophysiology”, and “treatment”—with a focus on the relationship with the imaging approach. We concluded that the correct anatomical, morphological, and functional characterization of cerebral vascular malformations by means of various imaging studies is highly relevant in determining the therapeutic approach, and that new lines of therapeutic approaches continue to depend on the imaging evaluation of these lesions.

Background: During aneurysm microsurgery, the aneurysmal sac is excluded from circulation by placing one or more clips at the base of the aneurysm. In some cases of complex aneurysms or subarachnoid hemorrhage history, transient clipping before definitive clipping is necessary. The closing force of the transient clip is less than the permanent clip; however, it is sufficient to stop circulation to the aneurysmal sac. The aim of the following work is to analyze and describe histological changes caused by transient and permanent clipping of the abdominal aorta in Wistar-type rats, to study the correlation between the closing force of the clip and the time, it remains on the vascular tissue structures. Methods: Six groups were formed, with 10 rats each, whereby temporary clipping of the abdominal aorta was performed with subsequent sampling of the site where the vascular clip was placed. The groups were: control and temporary clipping with: 2, 5, 10, and 15 and permanent clipping with 5 min. Results: Resection samples of the 3 μm thick aorta were obtained through the routine histological technique and special histochemical techniques (Masson’s Trichrome and orcein) from the six groups. Transmural changes were found from Group II–VI. Conclusion: There is a vascular histological effect after both transient and permanent clipping. The sum of time and strength of the clip induce vascular changes visible at 5 min.

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Report the recurrence rate of negative pressure subdural drainage (NPSD) versus to other kind of drains (OD). Design and Methods: A study was conducted cross-sectional and we retrospectively analyzed on the database of the neurosurgical service and we looked for all surgical procedures recorded from January 2006 to December 2015. Procedures with preoperative diagnosis of subdural hematoma (SDH) were selected, with a to- tal of 364 interventions, were excluded patients with postoperative diagnosis different from SDH and eliminated those who did not have complete data, recurrence was identified, a statistical analysis was performed describing frequency measurements percentage and standard deviation, RM and chi- square was obtained by software EPIDAT 3.1. 277 surgeries were performed in 230 patients, The population was divided into two groups: the first those interventions with negative pressure subdural drainage versus a second group with other different drains, and finally we compared the recurrence rate in each group, 44 surgeries had recurrence of SDH. The proportion of recurrence was found 16 % of the surgeries, 16 % (n=7) of these were performed with negative pressure subdural drainage and the remaining 84 % (n=37) by other drainage. The reason for prevalence found was 0.36 (95 % CI , 0.15 to 0.85), with statistically significant differences (p = 0.0165). The chi-square was 5.75 for the SDH with NPSD. It was found that patients treated with NPSD have a lower risk of recurrence compared with OD, which acts as a protective factor for patients treated with this type of drain, this is statistically significant.

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is the most common parasitic disease of the brain, has a wide variety of patterns of presentation and can mimic many diseases. We report a patient with inflammatory aneurysm, and found only 5 cases reported in the literature, and only one has histopathological report. This is a case report of a patient with diabetes and arterial hypertension condition which started with sim- plesecondarygeneralizedpartialseizures. Thestudy reported the patient was diagnosed with neurocysticercosis racemosa, resection of lesions was performed with secondary inflammatory rupture intraoperative aneurysm clipping successful NCC, inflammatory changes in the literature described in the aneurysm wall and the dependent artery, secondary to immune process with vasculitis associated with a chronic inflammatory process, these changes in the aneurysm wall increase the possibility of intraoperative rupture. Histopathological report was conclusive with neurocysticercosis.