Vascular malformations are frequent in the head and neck region, affecting the nervous system. The wide range of therapeutic approaches demand the correct anatomical, morphological, and functional characterization of these lesions supported by imaging. Using a systematic search protocol in PubMed, Google Scholar, Ebsco, Redalyc, and SciELO, the authors extracted clinical studies, review articles, book chapters, and case reports that provided information about vascular cerebral malformations, in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 385,614 articles were grouped; using the inclusion and exclusion criteria, three of the authors independently selected 51 articles about five vascular cerebral malformations: venous malformation, brain capillary telangiectasia, brain cavernous angiomas, arteriovenous malformation, and leptomeningeal angiomatosis as part of Sturge–Weber syndrome. We described the next topics—“definition”, “etiology”, “pathophysiology”, and “treatment”—with a focus on the relationship with the imaging approach. We concluded that the correct anatomical, morphological, and functional characterization of cerebral vascular malformations by means of various imaging studies is highly relevant in determining the therapeutic approach, and that new lines of therapeutic approaches continue to depend on the imaging evaluation of these lesions.

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Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease whose progression and clinical characteristics have a close bidirectional and multilevel relationship with the process of neuroinflammation. In this context, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms involved in this neuroinflammation–PD link. This systematic search was, hereby, conducted with a focus on the four levels where alterations associated with neuroinflammation in PD have been described (genetic, cellular, histopathological and clinical-behavioral) by consulting the PubMed, Google Scholar, Scielo and Redalyc search engines, including clinical studies, review articles, book chapters and case studies. Initially, 585,772 articles were included, and, after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 84 articles were obtained that contained information about the multilevel association of neuroinflammation with alterations in gene, molecular, cellular, tissue and neuroanatomical expression as well as clinical-behavioral manifestations in PD.

Background: During aneurysm microsurgery, the aneurysmal sac is excluded from circulation by placing one or more clips at the base of the aneurysm. In some cases of complex aneurysms or subarachnoid hemorrhage history, transient clipping before definitive clipping is necessary. The closing force of the transient clip is less than the permanent clip; however, it is sufficient to stop circulation to the aneurysmal sac. The aim of the following work is to analyze and describe histological changes caused by transient and permanent clipping of the abdominal aorta in Wistar-type rats, to study the correlation between the closing force of the clip and the time, it remains on the vascular tissue structures. Methods: Six groups were formed, with 10 rats each, whereby temporary clipping of the abdominal aorta was performed with subsequent sampling of the site where the vascular clip was placed. The groups were: control and temporary clipping with: 2, 5, 10, and 15 and permanent clipping with 5 min. Results: Resection samples of the 3 μm thick aorta were obtained through the routine histological technique and special histochemical techniques (Masson’s Trichrome and orcein) from the six groups. Transmural changes were found from Group II–VI. Conclusion: There is a vascular histological effect after both transient and permanent clipping. The sum of time and strength of the clip induce vascular changes visible at 5 min.

La enfermedad de Parkinson es una patología neurodegenerativa que afecta la motricidad de los pacientes, la cual tiene como alteraciones principales: temblor en estado de reposo, bradicinesia, rigidez y alteración postural. Sin embargo, no son las únicas alteraciones que permiten reconocer la aparición de la enfermedad, pues existe sintomatología no motora que se ha encontrado relacionada con esta patología, como alucinaciones, manías y dolor. El tratamiento antiparkinsoniano, enfocado en mejorar la condición motora del paciente puede dejar estragos no motores que muchas veces son ignorados. Por lo cual en esta revisión hablaremos brevemente de las alteraciones no motoras que se han relacionado con la enfermedad de Parkinson.

Introducción: La pandemia de COVID-19 está causando gran impacto a la población mundial. La identificación oportuna de pacientes con alto riesgo de complicaciones y muerte es fundamental para mejorar su pronóstico. Objetivo: Evaluar la exactitud de las escalas pronósticas de COVID-19 como predictoras de mortalidad. Método: Estudio analítico, observacional, transversal y prospectivo que evaluó la exactitud de la puntuación de mortalidad 4C para COVID-19, índice qCSI, puntaje de riesgo COVID-GRAM, CURB-65, qSOFA, NEWS, NEWS2 y PSI-PORT en pacientes con infección por SARS-CoV-2 hospitalizados en una unidad médica de tercer nivel. Resultados: Se evaluaron 139 pacientes con una mediana de edad de 60 años y predominio del sexo masculino (54.7%). El 84.9% tenía alguna comorbilidad; la hipertensión arterial fue la más común (22%). La mortalidad general fue del 38.1%. El puntaje de riesgo de enfermedad crítica COVID-GRAM fue la escala más exacta para predecir la mortalidad en la población estudiada, con una sensibilidad del 98.1%, un valor predictivo negativo del 91%, un valor predictivo positivo del 40.9 %, un área bajo la curva de 0.698 (0.60-0.78) y un riesgo de 7.6 (intervalo de confianza del 95%: 0.95-60.8; p = 0.026). Conclusiones: El puntaje de riesgo de enfermedad crítica COVID-GRAM calculado al ingreso hospitalario fue la escala más exacta para predecir el riesgo de enfermedad grave y mortalidad en pacientes con COVID-19 hospitalizados en el Hospital de Alta Especialidad N.º 25 del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social.