ResumenSe presentan y discuten los aspectos más importantes que inciden en el desempeño de una celda de combustible microbiana, tales como su arquitectura, la función microbiana y el tipo de sustratos. En la última década estos sistemas bioelectroquímicos han atraído el interés de diversos investigadores, no sólo por la tendencia mundial en la producción de energía sostenible, sino también por su operación simultánea para degradar materia orgánica y biorremediación. Estas aplicaciones dependen esencialmente del metabolismo microbiano sobre el cual el conocimiento aún es limitado, requiriéndose una mejor comprensión de la compleja ecología microbiana. En países en desarrollo es importante estudiar otras fuentes de microorganismos y sustratos con variada composición química que puedan ser potenciales combustibles en celdas de diferente configuración. Investigar más sobre estos aspectos será esencial para optimizar y potenciar estos procesos. Palabras clave: celda de combustible microbiana, materia orgánica, biodegradación, biorremediación Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs): A Challenge for the Removal of Organic Matter and Electricity Generation AbstractThe most important issues that affect the performance of a microbial fuel cell, such as its architecture, microbial function and the type of substrates are presented and discussed. In the last decade these bioelectrochemical systems have attracted the interest of many researchers, not only because of the global trend towards sustainable energy production, but also due to their simultaneous operation to degrade organic matter and bioremediation. These applications depend essentially on microbial metabolism whose knowledge is still limited, being necessary a better understanding of the complex microbial ecology. In developing countries it is important to investigate others sources of microorganisms and substrates with varied chemical composition which might be potential fuels in cells of different configuration. More intense research of these aspects will be essential to optimize and improve these processes.
Using a biocathode microbial fuel cell formed by graphite electrodes submerged in the anodic and cathodic chambers separated by a salt bridge, it was possible to reduce hexavalent chromium, degrade organic matter and generate electricity. Sulfidogenic sludge or Pasto river water contaminated with industrial waste from tanneries was employed as source of microorganisms for the cathode. The best experimental condition for simultaneously removing organic matter and chromium occurs during the first cycle of operation of the cell, using Pasto river water contaminated as inoculum and the lowest glucose concentration (0.05 M), achieving 97.9% of organic matter removal, 86.3% of chromium and a coulombic efficiency of 0.92%. This study represents a contribution for improving the performance of a biocathode cell and it provides the tools for bioremediation processes in systems contaminated with chromium and organic matter.
ResumenEl objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el software educativo Mundo Agroforestal con jóvenes rurales de la Institución Educativa Francisco de la Villota en Nariño, Colombia. Las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación son un recurso usado para facilitar los procesos de formación. El software educativo Mundo Agroforestal dada su reciente etapa de desarrollo no ha sido evaluado en cuanto a la relación de los aprendizajes que se adquieren por medio de éste. Se realizó el análisis con T de Student y modelo lineal general. Se obtuvieron en el tiempo aprendizajes significativos en agroforestería. Se observó que el uso del software facilitó la comprensión de las diferentes temáticas, generando motivación e interés en la exploración de las interfaces para aprovechar esta herramienta en un espacio de interacción dinámico mejorando el autoaprendizaje. Palabras clave: agroforestal; enseñanza; aprendizaje; jóvenes rurales; software educativo Evaluation of the Educational Software Agroforestry World (Mundo Agroforestal) with Rural Youth of Nariño, Colombia AbstractThe objective of the study presented in this paper was evaluating the educational software Agroforestry World (Mundo Agroforestal) by rural young men and women from the educational institution Francisco de la Villota in Nariño, Colombia. Information and Communication Technologies are widely used for facilitating educational processes. The relatively new educational software Agroforestry World has not been assessed regarding the learning outcomes that might result from its application. Analyses were done through a TStudent test and a general linear model. After some time, significant learning processes in agroforestry were obtained. It was observed that the use of the software facilitated students' comprehension of the different topics, improving self-learning.
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