Many cases of influenza A (H1N1) occurred in school-aged and adult individuals who required an ED visit; these visits resulted in a low impact on the use of hospital beds. Aggressive ICU management and/or experience in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation significantly improved outcomes. Early antiviral treatment may have played an important role in the low number of severe cases. Vaccines targeted for school-aged children and young adults may modify the first epidemic wave in the northern hemisphere.
d.n•c: Hongos anemófilos. estacionalidad. Sanliago-Chile Kc~' wonls: Anemophilous scasonal iluclualion. Santiago-Chile RESUM Por elll/élodo de cllltivo de e.~poras lIlonílOrelÍ la rica presellle el! la alllló,~fera de 5,'rm/iago enlre 1991 y /992. Duran/e 52 semanas se I'ecolectaroll 1.0./0 II/uestras en 10 lugares //Iediante la ill/pacfacián de 20 litros de aire en la superficie de 11/1 /IIedio de cul/il'o, u/irizando IIn equipo colee/or portátil RC,)'. La se cualilmi-Fa y cuanti/atÍl'alJlenle, CO/l lIna CO/lcelllración media de 1. 9./5 u{c/m', El contenidojiíngico aUlI/en/á enjhrllla nijica/i\YI en verano y p/'esell/lÍ correlociólI posi/ivo con la lemperatura y luz sO/al' y COII hllllledad rela-presiál1 barolllétrica, 39taxo. 7% hongos v 13,2% a lel'mluras. Los predolllinante.l• en orden decrecienle /i¡eroll C/ados-jJOrium, UIOe!lIIlillf71, Altemaria, Peuicillium, A.'11l!rgilllls, Aureobasidiul1I, Bofrytis y El'icoccul1I , los que en COI1j/lnto /'cpresel/lorOIl el 75,6% del /(l/al de los colonias. C/m/osporillm, Uloc/adium y oUlI/eIllan su cOl1celllraciól/ en verano y se correlacionan en posiliva con lo telllpero/llro y luz solar; Bolrytis y PCllicillium mllllen{rll/ ell inFierno y ofOiío y A,\pergillus solo en %í'ío. INTROOUCCION Los ulilizan dh'crstls eSlratcgi;¡s para colonizar 1lI1C\'OS sustratos. dispcrsando sus prop{¡gulos por el agua y el aire: la mayoría de los géncros fúngícos que prescntan eslructuras dc fructificación IlIcntahnente [)cuh•I'OIl1~'Cc(cs).
Variables psicológicas asociadas a adherencia, cronicidad y complicaciones en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 álvaro quiñones 1,a , Carla ugarte 1,a , ClauDia Chávez 2,b , jaime mañaliCh 3,c Psychological variables associated with adherence to treatment and complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Background: Lack of adherence to treatment may hamper the management of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Aim: To identify if there is a profile of psychological variables associated with adherence to treatment and complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Material and Methods: The psychometric instruments
C(2) Cyclosporine (CsA) level, as a surrogate of area under the time-concentration curve (AUC) 0-4 hours, is a good predictor of drug absorption and clinical outcome after kidney transplantation. It has been difficult to define the optimal C(2) level in the individual case and given the broad range of C(2) due to interindividual absorption variability it has been troublesome to determine the drug dose needed to obtain an expected C(2)-CsA concentration. In this study data of 16 stable renal and renal/pancreas recipients treated with prednisone, azathioprine, and CsA (Neoral) managed by C(0) level was examined. CsA concentrations at time 0 (basal), 2, 6, and 12 hours post CsA (Neoral) intake were determined the day of the study. A significant linear regression level was established between C(2) (but not C(0), C(6) and C(12)) and the dosage expressed as mg/kg/d (P = 0.0113, correlation coefficient r = 0.573018). Subsequently, another 27 renal transplant recipients were studied retrospectively and divided into three groups according to posttransplant period: 1 to 6, 7 to 12, and beyond 12 months after transplant. Equations derived from the relationship between C(2) and dose (mg/kg/d) were similar between the three groups and when compared with the first study. A formula obtained from the 27 patients in the whole posttransplant period (mg/kg/d = C(2) x 0.0010208 + 1.86125) was applied to patients of the first study obtaining a regression coefficient between actual and calculated CsA dose of 0.6145 (P = 0.01). A more accurate equation (P = 0.0001, r = 0.5925) was obtained by analyzing 145 C(2) determinations covering a period from 1 month to 8 years following transplant which gave a linear regression line defined by the equation C(2) x 0.001473 + 1.6673. This equation would permit the calculation mg/kg/d of CsA (Neoral) dose to obtain an expected C(2) level. The derived equation shown in this paper has a predictive value of 50% to 60% only, but can help to find adequate dosage in the presence of an inappropriate C(2) level.
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