RESUMENEste artículo analiza las actas de los debates sobre el proceso decisorio de aprobación del presupuesto general de la nación en las comisiones económicas del Congreso de la República de Colombia (periodo 2002, con el propósito de detectar asociaciones entre la posición de los congresistas durante el debate y algunas de sus características individuales. Las actas que son transcripciones literales de los debates, se analizan por medio de las técnicas estadísticas de datos textuales, las cuales se han utilizado recientemente para el estudio de la toma de decisiones de los comités de política de los bancos centrales. Los resultados se contrastan con el concepto de racionalidad acotada asumido por Lindblom (1959). Se encuentra, entre otros resultados, que ser economista o estar inmerso en un proceso judicial son factores determinantes en la frecuencia con la que se debate, o que la filiación política tiene particular incidencia sobre el tipo de intervención que hacen los congresistas.Palabras clave: política económica, presupuesto nacional, comités de decisión, análisis textual, actas de política. ANALYSIS OF DECISION MAKING IN THE ECONOMIC COMMISSIONS OF THE COLOMBIAN CONGRESS USING STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF TEXTUAL DATA ABSTRACTThis article analyzes the minutes of debates in Colombian Congressional economic commissions pertaining to the national budget during the period from 2002 to 2009 with the objective of identifying relationships between the debating postures of the members involved and their particular individual characteristics. The minutes, literal transcriptions of the debates, were analyzed using statistical textual data techniques recently used for the study of decision making by central bank policy committees, with the results contrasted with the bounded rationality concept posited by Lindblom (1959). Based on the foregoing, among other results it was determined that being an economist or being immersed in a judicial process were seminal factors in the frequency of debate participation and that political affiliation had a specific impact on the nature of members' interventions.
El presente artículo propone un análisis de los debates hechos por los miembros de las Comisiones Económicas del Congreso de Colombia, sobre el Presupuesto General de la Nación de 2002 a 2009, para determinar si las decisiones sobre este han sido tomadas con racionalidad acotada. La base teórica son los planteamientos sobre la toma de decisiones realizados por Lindblom (1959), quien asume el concepto de racionalidad acotada de los agentes propuesto por Simon (1957). La información de las sesiones se analiza con un modelo donde el debate, como variable dependiente, es explicado con covariables relacionadas a las características de los parlamentarios. Con base en un modelo estadístico longitudinal con retiros informativos y covariables dependientes en el tiempo, encontramos factores asociados al debate que nos permiten concluir que las decisiones no fueron tomadas con absoluta racionalidad técnica.
Cathepsins are one of the most abundant proteases within the lysosomes with diverse physiological effects ranging from immune responses, cell death and intracellular protein degradation. Cathepsins are involved in extracellular and systemic functions such as systemic inflammation and extracellular matrix degradation. Ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury is responsible for numerous diseases including myocardial infarction, acute kidney injury, stroke and acute graft failure after transplant surgery. Inflammation plays a major role in the reperfusion phase of IR injury and previous research has shown that cathepsins are key mediators of the inflammation cascade as well as apoptosis. Taken together, cathepsins modulation could provide potential therapeutic approaches to attenuate IR injury. The present review summarized the current understanding of various cathepsin subtypes, their major physiologic functions, their roles in multi-organ IR injury and detailed selective cathepsin inhibitors with therapeutic potential. Contents1. Introduction 2. Cysteine cathepsins 3. Aspartic cathepsins 4. Serine cathepsins 5. Roles for cathepsins in ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury 6.
IntroductionSeveral studies have shown that life expectancy of miners in underground mines is greatly reduced. The complex working conditions to which they are subjected and the associated social conditions explain this reduction. However, few studies have come forward to show whether life expectancy is also reduced in miners working in open pit mining. This study aims to determine the life expectancy of miners who have worked in an open pit coal mine in Colombia.Methods15 153 people who worked at the Mine from 1982 to 2015 were included in the study: 6133 were active and 9040 had retired. The applied statistical methods estimate the survival function based on mortality tables and the Kaplan-Meier estimator. It also contains inference methods and an adjusted Cox regression model (1972) to determine some explanatory factors for mortality at La Mina.ResultCompared with the risk of dying by means of a log-rank test among those who have worked in the mine against the risk of people from other parts in the country and from the area of influence of the mine, it has been found that they are significantly different (p-val <0.001). The direction of this difference indicates that life expectancy for workers who have worked in this mine is greater than that of their zone of influence and that of the country.DiscussionThe possible explanations for the higher life expectancy in these workers may be associated with the living conditions that they have access to due to high salary levels and the occupational control measures established in the company. The longevity characteristic of adult inhabitants of the region where this mine operates also contributes to higher life expectancy found in these workers.
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