Tissue engineering scafolds atempt to mimic the stem cell environment by creating different biophysical and chemical signals. On the other hand, stem cells are able to sense these characteristics and change their destiny. Scientists try to explain these phenomena through scafold design and in vitro experiments, but the mechanisms implicated remain unclear. Moreover, environment-cell interactions are a key process to get organs and tissues arrangement. Therefore, this chapter deals with the mechanical signals and mechanism involved in cell behaviour through scafolds as a strategy in tissue engineering.
The Quality Assurance Program (QAP) implementation in mammography is a key aspect to guarantee image quality acquisition and, thus, an opportune diagnosis of breast cancer. A QAP involves planned and systematic actions as quality control tests (QC) that will produce consistently high-quality images considering a low radiation exposure for stakeholders. Currently, there is poor evidence of the current QAP implementation status in developing countries, particularly in Latin America. In this work, over the period of October 2021 to April 2022, 47 Mexican digital mammography facilities were evaluated in terms of QAP's current status implementation. A survey of 3 key indicators of compliance / non-compliance of QAP was carried out. Also, 17 QC test parameters were assessed in all mammography units according to an international framework. Kruskal-Wallis, Mc Nemar's tests, and Spearman correlation were used to identify the significant correlation between the QC tests and QAP indicators. The statistical analysis showed a significant positive correlation between the QAP indicators and the QC parameters evaluated, especially associated with an increase in image quality. Almost 90 % percent of the facilities evaluated failed in some QAP indicator and only 44.68 % of the facilities have an updated and current program implemented. The successful QAP implementation directly impacted the QC mammography test results, particularly in terms of image quality; thus, conditioning a successful mammography acquisitions chain. The results obtained in this work suggest that better regulations need to be implemented to guarantee QAP surveillance; which could mean an increase in opportune diagnosis and management of breast cancer with radiological safety for patients and occupational exposure personnel.
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