Bryophytes were collected from a Cerrado fragment, located in the mu nicipality of Caxias, Maranhão/Brazil. In the study area, 175 bryophytes were distributed in 12 families (10 mosses and two liverworts), 17 genera (15 mosses and two liverworts) and 23 species (21 mosses and two liverworts). Sematophyllaceae was the most representative family w ith four species (Trichosteleum subdemissum, Microcalpe subsimplex, Brittonodoxa subpinnata, and Taxithelium planum), followed by Dicranaceae, Fissidentaceae, and Pottiaceae with three species each. The species of bryophytes in the researched area colonized substrates, such as corticolous, terrestrial, rupicolous, epixylics and casmofites. The table shows the families, species, phytogeographic domains in Brazil and colonized substrates.
The Morros Garapenses Environmental Protection Area (EPA) is home to significant biodiversity and an important paleobotanical site, with Permian fossil records, being a strategic area for studies in Maranhão. The objective of this study was to provide a list of species of phanerogams from the Morros Garapenses EPA. The material was collected through the walking method on pre-existing trails at different elevations and phytophysiognomies. The collection, herborization, identification, and classification of species followed the usual methodology for this type of research. A total of 297 species distributed in 196 genera and 70 families were cataloged. The families with highest specific richness were Fabaceae (60 species), Malvaceae (20 spp.), Rubiaceae (18 spp.), Cyperaceae (16 spp.), Euphorbiacae (14 spp.), and Bignoniaceae (13 spp.). Forty-nine species were endemic to Brazil, fifteen are being reported for the first time from Maranhão, and five from Cerrado. Several phytophysiognomies were found in the area, namely, Cerradão (33 species), Campo sujo (7 spp.), typical Cerrado (154 spp.), veredas (10 spp.), riparian forest (5 spp.), and anthropized areas (5 spp.). The study revealed a significant number of species in the Morros Garapenses EPA, stressing the urgent need to create a management plan for the sustainable use of natural resources and recovery of degraded areas.
The research aimed to know the diversity of Leguminosae in vegetational fragments of Cerrado in the state of Maranhão. Monthly expeditions were carried out in the period between September from 2016 and June 2017 for observation, collection, and identification of botanical material. A total of 68 specimens, 31 genera, and 45 species were cataloged. Of all the specimens collected, the subfamilies Papilionoideae and Caesalpinioideae were the most representative of 21 species each. As for the Life form, was observed that the prevailing growth habit was the bush type (20). Concerning to the physiognomies of the Cerrado, was observed the predominance of the species in the gallery forest environment (28). Taxonomic keys, descriptions and photo plates were elaborated with all the studied species, composing a taxonomic treatment. In this way, it can be established that the Cerrado of Maranhão possesses a diversity of species for the Leguminosae family and that the research carried out has provided a basis for later studies, since these are few for Maranhão.
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