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The present immuno-diagnostic method using soluble antigens from whole cell lysate antigen for trypanosomosis have certain inherent problems like lack of standardized and reproducible antigens, as well as ethical issues due to in vivo production, that could be alleviated by in vitro production. In the present study we have identified heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) from T. evansi proteome. The nucleotide sequence of T. evansi HSP70 was 2116 bp, which encodes 690 amino acid residues. The phylogenetic analysis of T. evansi HSP70 showed that T. evansi occurred within Trypanosoma clade and is most closely related to T. brucei brucei and T. brucei gambiense, whereas T. congolense HSP70 laid in separate clade. The two partial HSP70 sequences (HSP-1 from N-terminal region and HSP-2 from C-terminal region) were expressed and evaluated as diagnostic antigens using experimentally infected equine serum samples. Both recombinant proteins detected antibody in immunoblot using serum samples from experimental infected donkeys with T. evansi. Recombinant HSP-2 showed comparable antibody response to Whole cell lysate (WCL) antigen in immunoblot and ELISA. The initial results indicated that HSP70 has potential to detect the T. evansi infection and needs further validation on large set of equine serum samples.

KEYWORDS Trypanosoma evansi Ponies ABSTRACTThe present investigation aimed to study the parasitological, biochemical and clinical alterations in ponies during the course of Trypanosoma evansi experimental infection. Six female ponies were experimentally infected sub-cutaneously with mice adapted 2x10 6 T. evansi parasites, isolated from naturally infected horse, while two ponies were maintained as uninfected healthy controls. All six ponies became parasitologically positive between 5-7 days post infection (DPI) tested by standard parasitological detection method (SPDM) by blood smear examination showing varying degree of parasitaemia and two prominent peaks during the course of infection. The main clinical signs observed were intermittent fever, weakness, emaciation, anaemia, anorexia and incoordination in hind quarters leading to significant weight loss at terminal stage of infection. All the infected ponies developed subacute to acute disease within 56 days and reached to recumbency stage. Of them, four ponies died at different stages of infection and few of them showing neurological signs at terminal stage of infection. The present investigation also revealed that horse ponies are more susceptible than donkeys in experimental infection of T. evansi. Haematological studies showed a gradual fall in the levels of haemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT) and red blood cell (RBC) count from 10.57 to 4.83 (g/dl), 32.81 to 16.33 (%) and 8.53 to 3.33 (x10 12 cells/l) respectively, in infected animals over the study period. Serum

Twin decomposition, consisting of equal and random modulus decompositions, not only makes a cryptosystem asymmetric but also resists special attack. A new double-image asymmetric cryptosystem using twin decomposition in fractional Hartley domain is proposed. An input grayscale image, bonded with another grayscale image as its phase mask, is transformed via fractional Hartley transform. Equal modulus decomposition is applied on the resulting image, giving us two intermediate images. One of them is subjected to another fractional Hartley transform followed by random modulus decomposition, whereas the other serves as the first private key. The application of random modulus decomposition also results in two images: encrypted image and the second private key. During the process of decryption, firstly the encrypted image is combined with second private key and thereafter it is subjected to inverse fractional Hartley transform. The resulting image is then combined with the first private key, and followed by another inverse fractional Hartley transform, thus recovering the two original images. The proposed cryptosystem is validated for pairs of grayscale images.

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