Background: It is usual to come across deviations from normal in human cranial bones. Incidence is little higher in bones of the vault and face which are formed by membranous ossification. Presence of bipartite zygomatic bone has been described since long. The division of zygomatic bone has been described to occur commonly in Mongolian race and hence such extra portion is known as os japonicum. Objective: To study the incidence of bipartite zygomatic bones in Gujarat state. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on 486 zygomatic bones of 243 dry normal, adult, human skulls obtained from collection of bones in anatomy departments of various medical colleges of Gujarat. The bones studied were free of any pathological condition. The skulls were cleaned, dried, and observed in good day light and with the help of magnifying lens. Result: The observations for presence of suture/sutures, their extent, directions, and variations in 486 zygomatic bones revealed that 21 zygomatic bones had bipartitism. This study showed 4.32% incidence of os japonicum among observed zygomatic bones in Gujarat state. Conclusion: Zygomatic bone gets fractured commonly in facial injuries. Bipartite zygomatic bone is not uncommon and can be confused with the fracture of the bone.
Background: Nose is an important anatomical and physiological part of face. Its anatomy considerably affects its function of inhalation and temperature regulation of inspired air. The anatomy is affected by genetic, racial as well as geographical factors. The aim of the study was to measure nasal height and width in the population being studied so as to calculate nasal index and classify noses on the basis of calculated index. Materials and method:The study was conducted on 159 healthy volunteers aged 18-25 years in Medical College Baroda, Gujarat. Nasal height and Nasal width were measured by digital vernier caliper and the nasal index was calculated. The type of nose was determined on the basis of the nasal index.Results: In the present study the mean nasal index is found to be 73.28+10. Mean nasal index is observed as 106.46+6.24 in males & 71.94+8.02 in females. The t test value calculated is 26.725 at CI 95% with P<0.0001 showing highly significant difference in nasal indices of male and female. Mesorrhine is the commonest nasal type found. Conclusion:The study will be highly useful to plastic surgeons, craniofacial surgeons, otolaryngologists, anatomists, forensic experts, orthodontists and medical illustrators alike.
Introduction: The biceps brachii muscle takes its name from its two proximally attached ‘heads’. On rare occasions, an anomalous third head arises from the superomedial part of the brachialis and is attached to the bicipital aponeurosis and the medial side of the tendon of insertion. The slip frequently descends in front of and behind the brachial artery and often causes compression of the median nerve or brachial artery. Aim: To calculate incidence of the supernumerary third head of the biceps brachii along with its anatomical and morphological variations to establish its clinical significance. Materials and Methods: The observational study was conducted in Department of Anatomy, Dr. Kiran C Patel Medical College and Research Institute, Bharuch, Gujarat, India, from October 2021 to September 2022. It included 32 cadaveric upper limbs- 16 right-sided and 16 left-sided. The morphometric measurements were done with the use of digital vernier caliper. The findings were photographed and recorded. The mean and standard deviation deviation were hereby presented and analysed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19.0. Results: The biceps brachii was constituted of supernumerary third head in three (9.375%) limbs, one on the right and two on the left-side. In all cases, third head arose from the anteromedial aspect of the mid-humeral shaft; medial to the brachialis and inserted together with the other two heads of the biceps into bicipital aponeurosis and radial tuberosity. The mean length and mean width of the supernumerary head was measured as 141.16±43.63 mm, 25.22±4.99 mm, respectively. A significant difference was not found when compared for symmetrical sides. Conclusion: Three specimens of upper limb were observed with distinct occurrence for the third head with the incidence of 9.37% and predominance on the left-side. In case of various arm surgical procedures knowledge can be used to avoid injuries.
Background: Though the supply to the human brachialis muscle by radial nerve has been investigated by many authors in past, but there is no consistency in these reports. The aim of the present study was to record the anatomical variations in radial nerve supply to the brachialis muscle. Materials and Methods:The material of the study consisted of 62 superior extremities obtained from dissection laboratory of department of anatomy, Medical College Baroda (Gujarat). All these extremities belonged to adult cadavers of known sex.Human brachialis muscle was identified with its proximal and distal attachment. The radial nerve branch innervating to brachialis was identified and parameters like presence or absence of radial nerve branch innervating to brachialis; number of branches; its length; site of emergence and its distance from lateral epicondyle and site of entry into brachialis were noted.Result: Brachialis muscle was innervated by a branch from radial nerve in 87.09% of cases. Varying number of radial nerve branches (1 to 3) innervated the brachialis muscle. Most of these branches (91.93%) entered the lower one third of the muscle. The average length of these muscular branches was 9.17mm. The average distance from the site of emergence to the lateral epicondyle of humerus was 6.54 cm. Conclusion:Significant variations in supply of brachialis muscle were recorded. These variations are of clinical importance for surgeons, orthopaedicians and anaesthetists.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.