Background: During early embryonic life, the aortic arch undergoes complex development and normally results in the formation of a left aortic arch from which three arteries arise: (1) the brachiocephalic artery, which divides into the right common carotid and right subclavian arteries, (2) the left common carotid artery and (3) the left subclavian artery. In the present study we found an aberrant right subclavian artery arising from the arch of aorta distal to the left common carotid artery. Aims & Objective: Abnormalities of branches of arch of aorta are not uncommon and they have been identified more frequently with increasing use of imaging studies. However, the clinician should be aware of the wide range of anomalies that occur in the arch & the great vessels. This could help in adequately managing these variations in emergency approaches to the arch & the great vessels when imaging studies are not available. Our aim is to report the occurrence of the abnormal origin of right subclavian artery in a sample of western Indian population. Material and Methods: Present study was conducted on embalmed cadavers in Anatomy Department at various medical colleges in Gujarat. Branches of arch of aorta were dissected & observed for any variation. Results: A total of 70 cadavers were dissected. In one cadaver we found abnormal origin of right subclavian artery from the arch of aorta. The anomalous artery was passing behind the oesophagus. (1.43%, n = 70) Conclusion: An aberrant right subclavian artery is a rare vascular anomaly & it is also an unusual cause of problems with the passage of solid food through the oesophagus. Recently it has been suggested that it occurs more frequently in patients with Down syndrome. Knowledge of this anomaly is important while evaluating feeding difficulties in patients with Down syndrome as well as in preventing vascular complications in patients with aberrant right subclavian artery.
Background: It is usual to come across deviations from normal in human cranial bones. Incidence is little higher in bones of the vault and face which are formed by membranous ossification. Presence of bipartite zygomatic bone has been described since long. The division of zygomatic bone has been described to occur commonly in Mongolian race and hence such extra portion is known as os japonicum. Objective: To study the incidence of bipartite zygomatic bones in Gujarat state. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on 486 zygomatic bones of 243 dry normal, adult, human skulls obtained from collection of bones in anatomy departments of various medical colleges of Gujarat. The bones studied were free of any pathological condition. The skulls were cleaned, dried, and observed in good day light and with the help of magnifying lens. Result: The observations for presence of suture/sutures, their extent, directions, and variations in 486 zygomatic bones revealed that 21 zygomatic bones had bipartitism. This study showed 4.32% incidence of os japonicum among observed zygomatic bones in Gujarat state. Conclusion: Zygomatic bone gets fractured commonly in facial injuries. Bipartite zygomatic bone is not uncommon and can be confused with the fracture of the bone.
Background: The coracobrachialis muscle morphologically represents the adductor group of muscles in the arm but such function became insignificant in man during the process of evolution.
INTRODUCTIONThe coronary arteries arise from the aortic sinuses. The initial portion of the aortic root, which houses the leaflets of the aortic valve, is occupied by the aortic sinuses, also called the sinuses of Valsalva.[1] The aortic sinuses reach beyond the upper border of the cusp and form a well-defined, complete, and circumferential sinutubular ridge when viewed from the aortic aspect. These sinuses are named according to their position as the anterior, left posterior, and right posterior aortic sinuses. The right coronary artery (RCA) arises from the anterior coronary sinus and the left coronary artery (LCA) from the left posterior aortic sinus. In clinical terminology, the anterior, left and right posterior sinuses are often called the right, left, and non-coronary sinuses, respectively. Recently, coronary artery anomalies as a cause of coronary heart disease are gaining consideration in the diagnostic workup. One of the subsets of coronary artery anomalies is the anomalous origin. This subgroup has important clinical manifestations, including sudden death, especially in young athletes. The recent introduction of selective coronary arteriography that provides an accurate localization of the anatomical variations and underlying pathology, the advances made in coronary arterial bypass graft surgeries and modern methods of myocardial Background: A thorough knowledge of the anatomy of coronary arteries, the crown of the heart does a self-evident prerequisite for more intelligent planning of surgery or a complete understand of the coronary artery disease. Abnormal origin of coronary arteries may cause potentially dangerous symptoms and even sudden death during strenuous activity. A cadaveric study in an unsuspected population provides a basis for acknowledgment of normal variants, which may facilitate determination of prevalence and evaluation of the value of screening for such anomalies. Objectives: This study was conducted with an aim to describe the anatomical variation in the origin of right and left coronary arteries (RCA and LCA). Materials and Methods: This study based on the examination of 100 cadaveric hearts from the anatomy dissection room and obtained at an autopsy department. By using conventional dissecting techniques, heart specimens were dissected and studied for number of ostia, and their position within respective sinuses. The heights of the ostia from the bottom of sinuses were measured with the help of Vernier caliper. Results: There was no opening found in pulmonary artery and non-coronary sinus coronary arteries. Single, double and triple ostia were present in 78%, 20%, 2% of cases, respectively. The height of coronary ostia from the bottom of the respective aortic cusp which was measured by digital Vernier caliper depicts that RCA ostium was higher than that of the LCA ostium. Conclusion: The findings in this study may provide a basis for understanding the normal variants, for determining the incidence of anomalies, and for evaluating the value of screening for such anomalies.
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