Abstract. Kartahadimaja J, Utomo SD, Yuliadi E, Salam AK, Warsono, Wahyudi A. 2021. Agronomic characters, genetic and phenotypic diversity coefficients, and heritability of 12 genotypes of rice. Biodiversitas 22: 1091-1097. The achievement of national rice production is always below the target. One of the causes is the low productivity of the varieties grown due to the stagnant genetic capacity of these varieties. The assembly of new lines through breeding is one solution that can increase the genetic capacity of new varieties. Genetic diversity is one of the factors that influence the success of plant breeding. Ten new F9 rice lines were successfully assembled showing various phenotypes. The identification of the specific advantages of each of these new rice lines was based largely on the phenotypic response. The research objective was to identify the genetic advantages of each line through the analysis approach of genetic diversity coefficient (GDC), Phenotific Diversity Coefficient (PDC), and broad-sense heritability. The research was designed on a randomized completely block design (RCBD) with ten new F9 rice lines and two comparison varieties as treatments, repeated three times. The variables observed were plant height, maximum number of tillers, number of productive tillers, flowering time, harvesting time, panicle length, number of grain per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle, number of empty grain per panicle, grain length, grain width, grain thickness, and grain yield per hectare. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), if there was a difference between the mean values, it was continued with a 5% LSD test. The results showed that (i) the genotypes tested showed wide genetic and phenotypic diversity, (ii) based on the analysis of GDC, PDC, and broad sense heritability, the appearance of phenotypes of several agronomic characters was controlled by genetic factors.
The largest food commodity in Indonesia is rice (Oryza sativa) (2016), selama periode tahun 2011 -2015, produksi padi di Provinsi Lampung mengalami peningkatan. Produksi padi terendah terjadi tahun 2011 yaitu 2,94 juta ton gabah kering giling (GKG) dan tertinggi tahun 2015 yang mencapai 3,64 juta ton gabah kering giling (GKG). Secara rata-rata produksi benih padi mengalami peningkatan 5,52 persen per tahun atau sekitar 0,18 juta ton gabah kering giling. Kenaikan produksi padi pada periode tersebut relatif bervariasi dimana kenaikan produksi terendah terjadi tahun 2013 yaitu 0,10 juta ton GKG atau naik 3,42 persen dibandingkan dengan tahun sebelumnya. Sementara kenaikan produksi tertinggi terjadi tahun 2015 yaitu 0,32 juta ton GKG atau naik 9,69 persen dibandingkan dengan tahun sebelumnya. Kondisi ini disebabkan oleh kenaikan luas panen seluas 58,54 ribu hektar (9,02 persen) dan produktivitas sebesar 0,31 kw.ha -1 (0,61 persen).
On Research this do Test power the results of the introduction for knowing corn strain the have power the results of the do hight can do make as candidate variety corn hybrid commercial. Research this doing in land of lampung State Polytechnic on April until August 2016 with Randomize Complethy Block Design (RCBD) i.e. five strain corn hybrid A (PL 205 x Pl 401), B (PL 406 x PL 205), C (PL 302 x PL 205), D (PL 205 x PL 406), E (PL 401 x PL 205) and one variety hybrid P21 as comparison . Treatment repeated as much three times and data observations analyzed with us prints range if there are difference among the treatment then will continued with Least Significant Different (LSD) on stage 5%. The results of this study were (1). The E strain has a higher potential than the A, B, C, D, and Pioner 21 (P 21) strains. (2) A, B, and C strains have the same result as hybrid varieties of P21.
The abundance of predatory arthropods in the rice field ecosystem acts as a biological agent that suppresses pest populations. This study aims to analyze the types of species, individuals, and abundance of predatory arthropods. The research was conducted at the Lampung State Polytechnic Seed Teaching Farm in August-December 2020. The rice plant lines planted by Lampung State Polytechnic were 14 New Type Rice (PTB) lines, namely Pandan Wangi (PW, B1, B2, B3, B4, B7, D2, D3, F3, F4, H1, H4, K, and L2 with 2 and comparable superior varieties namely Ciherang (CH) and Gilirang (Gil)). Rice cultivation is carried out conventionally. Observations of predatory arthropods that inhabit rice canopy were carried out using 3 double swings of insect nets / sweepnets per treatment plot. Insect collection was carried out at 06.00-09.00 WIB then identified in the Food Crops Laboratory II, counting the number of species, number of individuals and relative abundance. The results showed that predatory arthropods that inhabit the canopy of rice plants in several rice plant lines were obtained from the Oxyopidae, Tetragnathidae, Lycosidae, Coenagrionidae, Correidae, Coccinellidae, Chrysomelidae, and Staphylinidae families. The Tetragnathidae and Coenagrionidae families have the highest proportion of species and are found in each rice plant line.
Rice is a staple food that is very dominant for Indonesia. Production of rice in 2014 as PENDAHULUANBagi bangsa Indonesia, beras merupakan pangan pokok yang sangat dominan. Kelangkaan penyediaan beras menyebabkan melonjaknya harga beras yang berdampak baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung dapat memperparah krisis ekonomi, sosial, dan politik (Suryana dkk., 2009).Produksi padi tahun 2014 sebanyak 70,85 juta ton gabah kering giling (GKG), mengalami penurunan sebanyak 0,43 juta ton (0,61%) dibanding tahun 2013 (Badan Pusat Statistik, 2015). Produksi beras dapat dipacu melalui peningkatan luas tanam dan penggunaan varietas yang memiliki produktivitas tinggi. Peningkatan potensi hasil suatu tanaman padi dapat dilakukan dengan memodifikasi arsitektur tan tanaman melalui pemuliaan tanaman dan seleksi (Abdullah, 2009).Jenis dan kualitas padi yang dikembangkan di masyarakat bervariasi, mulai dari yang berkualitas rendah sampai berkualitas tinggi (baik). Beras kualitas rendah dicirikan dengan warna
Jagung mempunyai peran strategis bagi perekonomian nasional, jagung penyumbang terbesar kedua setelah padi dalam subsektor tanaman pangan. Uji adaptasi merupakan kegiatan uji lapangan terhadap tanaman dibeberapa agroekologi bagi tanaman untuk mengetahui keunggulan dan interaksi varietas terhadap lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui galur jagung hibrida rakitan Politeknik Negeri Lampung yang mampu beradaptasi di dataran menengah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Gisting Kabupaten Tanggamus pada bulan September 2017 – Februari 2018 dengan metode Rancangan Kelompok Teracak Sempurna (RKTS) yang terdiri dari 1 faktor yaitu galur, 3 ulangan, 5 genotipe yaitu 4 galur A (PL 300 X PL 403), B (PL 101 X PL 401), C (PL 401 X PL 101), D (PL 403 X PL 300) dan varietas NK 22 sebagai pembanding. Hasil penelitian uji adaptasi pada dataran menengah Tanggamus menunjukkan bahwa galur A, B, C, dan D mampu beradaptasi pada dataran menengah dapat dilihat dari hasil biji per hektar yang setara dengan varietas pembanding.Kata kunci : Dataran menengah, jagung, uji adaptasi.
Assembly of high yield potential rice varieties, resistant to biotic and abiotic environmental stresses needs to be done to overcome the presence of stagnant genetic capacity.The research objective is to produce new varieties of adaptive paddy rice in various environments. The study used a split plot design, the growing environment as the main plot consists of two namely upland rice and lowland rice. As sub-plot were 12 rice genotypes. The treatment in each environment is prepared using the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD).Variables observed that is plant height; the maximum number of shoots; number of productive shoots; long panicle; the number of grains per panicle; the number of grains per panicle; the number of empty grains per panicle; weight of 1000 grains of grain; grain yield of each clump; grain yield per hectare. Data were analyzed by variance, if there was a difference between mean median treatment, followed by Tukey Test at 5% level. The results showed an interaction between the environment and the genotype of rice. The eight genotypes of potential outcomes differed significantly between environments (lines B2, B3, F2, F3, F4, H1, H4, L2), and two new rice strains were not significantly different (B4 dan B7). Keywords: New rice strains, different environments ABSTRACTAssembly of high yield potential rice varieties, resistant to biotic and abiotic environmental stresses needs to be done to overcome the presence of stagnant genetic capacity.The research objective is to produce new varieties of adaptive paddy rice in various environments. The study used a split plot design, the growing environment as the main plot consists of two namely upland rice and lowland rice. As sub-plot were 12 rice genotypes. The treatment in each environment is prepared using the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD).Variables observed that is plant height; the maximum number of shoots; number of productive shoots; long panicle; the number of grains per panicle; the number of grains per panicle; the number of empty grains per panicle; weight of 1000 grains of grain; grain yield of each clump; grain yield per hectare. Data were analyzed by variance, if there was a difference between mean median treatment, followed by Tukey Test at 5% level. The results showed an interaction between the environment and the genotype of rice. The eight genotypes of potential outcomes differed significantly between environments (lines B2, B3, F2, F3, F4, H1, H4, L2), and two new rice strains were not significantly different (B4 dan B7). Keywords: New rice strains, different environments
The challenge for plant breeders can not be separated from the interaction effects between genotypes and the environment, where the tested strains show different results at each test site. Therefore, to know a strain or genotype that has a level of stability it is necessary to do the testing phase. The currently developed strains are RG1, RG2, RG3, and RG4. Currently the strains have entered the third generation. Furthermore, the four rice strains will be planted in the fourth generation and continued by the fifth generation. This research was conducted at Field Polytechnic of Lampung State of Lampung, Bandar Lampung on September 2015 - January 2016 planting F4 and January - May 2016 planting F5. The objective of this research is to obtain new strain of rice that is able to maintain the stability of the results by looking at the phenotypic appearance character and the potential yield that is planted on F4 and F5. The design used in this study is the design of split plot with main plot treatment using two generations (F) that is F4 and F5. While in sub plots using 4 new rice strains (G) are RG1, RG2, RG3, and RG4. Data were analyzed by LSD Test at 5% level. Stability analysis using Francis and Kenneberg (1978) models, by looking at the mean squares (Si2) and the Coefficient of Varians (CVi). From the result of observation of stability result of four rice strains in two different planting generations it can be concluded that the strains that exhibit phenotypic character and stable yield potential on F4 and F5 are RG1 and RG2. The strings showing potential unstable results on F4 and F5 are RG3 and RG4.
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