The
screening and isolation of target microorganisms from mutated
recombinant libraries are crucial for the advancement of synthetic
biology and metabolic engineering. However, conventional screening
tools present several limitations in throughput, cost, and labor.
Herein, we describe a novel microfluidic high-throughput screening
(HTS) platform with several advantages. The platform utilizes a fluid
array to compartmentalize bacterial cells in well-ordered separated
microwells and allows long-term cell culture with high throughput.
The platform enables the extraction of selected target cells from
the fluid array for additional culture and postanalysis by using a
capillary-driven sample relocation method. To confirm the feasibility
of the platform, we demonstrated two different types of HTS methods
based on the levels of reporter gene expression and cellular growth
rate difference. For the reporter gene-based HTS, a spike recovery
approach was taken to demonstrate that target cells are successfully
screened out from a mixture containing nontarget cells by repeating
the culture and extraction processes. Additionally, the same platform
allowed us to screen and sort target cells according to their cellular
growth rate difference, which seems hard in conventional screening
methods. Hence, the platform could be used for various microbiological
assays, including the detection of cell-excreted metabolites, microbial
biosensors, and other HTS systems.
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are increasingly employed in electric vehicles (EVs) owing to their advantages, such as low weight, and high energy and power densities. However, the uncertainty encountered in the manufacturing of LIB cells increases the failure rate and causes cell-to-cell variations, thereby degrading the battery capacity and lifetime. In this study, the reliability and robustness of LIB cells were improved using the design of experiments (DOE), and the reliability-based robust design optimization (RBRDO) approaches. First, design factors sensitive to the energy density and power density were selected as design variables through sensitivity analysis using the DOE. RBRDO was performed to maximize the energy density while reducing the failure rate and cell-to-cell variations. To verify the superiority of the reliability and robustness offered by RBRDO, the obtained results were compared with those from conventional deterministic design optimization (DDO), and reliability-based design optimization (RBDO). RBRDO increased the mean of the energy density by 33.5% compared to the initial value and reduced the failure rate by 98.9%, due to improved reliability, compared to DDO. Moreover, RBRDO reduced the standard deviation in the energy density (i.e., cell-to-cell variations) by 30.0% due to the improved robustness compared to RBDO.
80lm/W white OLED has been successfully realized by introducing 3‐stacked tandem structure along with internal light extraction layer. The power efficacy and lifetime of the device were maintained over 80 lm/W and 26,000 hr for LT70 condition at 4,200nit operation, respectively.
Vibration and noise reduction are very important in electric vehicle driving motors. In this study, topology optimization of housing was performed to reduce vibration in a specific frequency caused by electromagnetic force generated by a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The vibration induced by the electromagnetic force of the motor was calculated using electromagnetic-structural coupled analysis. Then, the magnitude of the acceleration for a specific frequency at which peak occurs in the rectangular and circular shape housing concept design model was reduced by using the topology optimization method. As a result, the rectangular and circular shape housing design reduced 92.9% and 96.0%, respectively. Finally, the vibration was effectively reduced while maintaining the electromagnetic characteristics of the motor, for which topology optimization was conducted while not changing the rotor or stator shape design (electromagnetic design factor) but by changing the motor housing shape design (mechanical and structural design factor).
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