Fixed implant-supported rehabilitation with distal cantilever resulted in a reliable treatment modality over the 5-year observation period. Although biological parameters of MPI, SBI, keratinized tissue and peri-implant mucosal levels showed statistically significant differences over time, the mean values for each patient remained within the normal limits of oral health. Complications were categorized as biological or technical. The majority of complications were technical complications (54/79) and of these most involved fracture of the acrylic teeth and base (20/54). While the survival rate was 100% for implants and 95.5% for prostheses, the application of strict criteria for treatment success resulted in an overall treatment success rate of 86.7%.

Peri-implant soft tissues responded more favorably to screw-retained crowns when compared with cement-retained crowns. However, no soft-tissue recession was observed in either type of crowns. Cement-retained crowns were preferred by dentists, while patients were equally satisfied with either type of crowns they received.

OBJECTIVE. The objectiveof our studywas to analyzeMR imagesof vascularleiomy oma of the extremity and to compare these images with histopathologic findings to determine if a correlation exists. CONCLUSION. T2-weightedMR imagesof vascular leiomyomaof anextremityshowedamass with mixed areas that were both hyper-and isointense to skeletal muscle and also revealed a hypointense rim; these images correlate with histopathologic findings of smooth muscle, vessels, fibrous tissue, an intravascular thrombus, and a fibrous capsule. Downloaded from www.ajronline.org by 18.236.120.13 on 05/12/18 from IP address 18.236.120.13.

Deficiency of vitamin D is associated with accelerated decline in lung function. Vitamin D is a ligand for nuclear hormone vitamin D receptor (VDR), and upon binding it modulates various cellular functions. The level of VDR is reduced in lungs of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) which led us to hypothesize that deficiency of VDR leads to significant alterations in lung phenotype that are characteristics of COPD/emphysema associated with increased inflammatory response. We found that VDR knock-out (VDR −/− ) mice had increased influx of inflammatory cells, phospho-acetylation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) associated with increased proinflammatory mediators, and up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP-12 in the lung. This was associated with emphysema and decline in lung function associated with lymphoid aggregates formation compared to WT mice. These findings suggest that deficiency of VDR in mouse lung can lead to an early onset of emphysema/COPD because of chronic inflammation, immune dysregulation, and lung destruction.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the survival and success of screw- versus cement-retained implant crowns over a 5-year period. This was a multi-center prospective cohort study, consisting of patients who had ≥1 dental implant placed and restored in the anterior maxilla over a 5-year period. The primary predictor variable was the type of restoration (screw- versus cement-retained). The outcome variables were clinician- or patient-reported measures related to soft tissue and restoration quality. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were computed to compare the screw- versus cement-retained groups. Kaplan-Meier statistics were computed for implant survival. Information was collected for 102 patients who had 214 implants placed during the study period. Complete data, amenable to analysis, were available for 99 (97.1%) patients and 193 (90.2%) implants. The restorations were approximately evenly divided between screw- (53.4%) and cement-retained (46.6%). Approximately 49% of patients in the sample were female; the sample's mean age was 47.3 ± 13.9 years; each patient had an average of 2.0 ± 1.0 implants placed and restored. The mean time from prosthesis placement (definitive) to study endpoint was 61.9 ± 10.6 months. The overall implant survival rate was 96.4%, with no statistically significant difference in survival between the screw- and cement-retained groups (p = 0.45). The majority of clinician- and patient-assessed outcomes were similar. The results of this study indicate that for the majority of clinician- and patient-assessed success parameters screw- and cement-retained restorations are equivalent in the anterior maxilla.

Background: Little is known about antiviral responses in the sinonasal mucosal tissue of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Objective: we investigated the presence of virus and the expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3, TLR7, and interferon and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in healthy mucosal tissue of control subjects and the inflammatory sinus mucosal tissue of CRS patients, and evaluated whether levels of interferons and ISGs might be affected by CRS-related cytokines and by treatment with macrolides, dexamethasone, or TLR3 and TLR7 agonists. Methods: The presence of virus in the sinonasal mucosa was evaluated with real-time PCR. The expression of interferons and ISGs in the sinonasal mucosa and in cultured epithelial cells treated with T H 1 and T H 2 cytokines, macrolides, dexamethasone, or TLR3 and TLR7 agonists were evaluated with real-time PCR and Western blotting. The expression of TLR3 and TLR7 in the sinonasal mucosa were evaluated with immunohistochemistry. Results: Respiratory viruses were detected in 15% of samples. Interferons and ISGs are expressed in normal mucosa, but their levels were decreased in patients with CRS. Interferon and ISG levels were upregulated in cells treated with macrolides, dexamethasone, or TLR3 agonist, but some were decreased in cytokine-treated cells. TLR3 and TLR7 levels showed no significant difference between normal and inflammatory sinus mucosal tissue. Conclusion: These results suggest that decreased levels of interferons and ISGs in patients with CRS might contribute to impairment of the antiviral innate response in inflammatory sinonasal epithelial cells. Macrolides and glucocorticoids might provide positive effects on the treatment of CRS by upregulating interferon and ISG expression. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019;144:1551-65.)

Background: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) participate in innate immunity by trapping microorganisms. Their pathophysiological implications have not been defined in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Objective: We investigated the presence of NETs in nasal secretion of patients with stable or exacerbated CRS and evaluated whether NETs participate in the secretion of chemokines in sinonasal epithelial cells, the epithelial permeability, and transendothelial leucocyte migration, and elucidate whether NETs are released by macrolides and dexamethasone. Methods: The presence of NETs in nasal secretion and the release of NETs from neutrophils stimulated with macrolides or dexamethasone were evaluated by dsDNA Assay kit and fluorescence microscope. The chemokine secretion, epithelial permeability, and transendothelial leucocyte migration were measured in cultured cells incubated with NETs, the supernatant of unstimulated neutrophils (unstim), NETs inhibitor (DPI), or H3Cit, where the expression of junctional complex proteins and ICAM-1 was evaluated by real-time PCR, Western blots, and confocal microscope. Results: The amount of NETs and NETs-forming neutrophils in nasal secretion increased in exacerbated CRS. Epithelial cells treated with NETs or H3Cit secreted chemokines and showed decreased permeability associated with up-regulated junctional complex proteins. Increased transendothelial leucocyte migration associated with up-regulated ICAM-1 was noted in endothelial cells treated with NETs or H3Cit.These findings were not found in cells treated with unstim, or DPI. NETs were released by macrolides, but not by dexamethasone. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: NETs formation increased in exacerbated CRS,inducing chemokine secretion, strengthening the epithelial barrier, and promoting the neutrophils infiltration. Therefore, the release of NETs in CRS might be beneficial or detrimental to CRS patients. K E Y W O R D Schemokines, dexamethasone, epithelial permeability, macrolides, neutrophil extracellular traps, transendothelial leucocyte migration