Objectives To evaluate the diagnostic performance of a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN)-based computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD) system in the detection of osteoporosis on panoramic radiographs, through a comparison with diagnoses made by oral and maxillofacial radiologists. Methods: Oral and maxillofacial radiologists with >10 years of experience reviewed the panoramic radiographs of 1268 females {mean [± standard deviation (SD)] age: 52.5 ± 22.3 years} and made a diagnosis of osteoporosis when cortical erosion of the mandibular inferior cortex was observed. Among the females, 635 had no osteoporosis [mean (± SD) age: 32.8 ± SD 12.1 years] and 633 had osteoporosis (72.2 ± 8.5 years). All panoramic radiographs were analysed using three CAD systems, single-column DCNN (SC-DCNN), single-column with data augmentation DCNN (SC-DCNN Augment) and multicolumn DCNN (MC-DCNN). Among the radiographs, 200 panoramic radiographs [mean (± SD) patient age: 63.9 ± 10.7 years] were used for testing the performance of the DCNN in detecting osteoporosis in this study. The diagnostic performance of the DCNN-based CAD system was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: The area under the curve (AUC) values obtained using SC-DCNN, SC-DCNN (Augment) and MC-DCNN were 0.9763, 0.9991 and 0.9987, respectively. Conclusions: The DCNN-based CAD system showed high agreement with experienced oral and maxillofacial radiologists in detecting osteoporosis. A DCNN-based CAD system could provide information to dentists for the early detection of osteoporosis, and asymptomatic patients with osteoporosis can then be referred to the appropriate medical professionals.
Background
A primordial odontogenic tumor (POT) is a rare, benign, mixed epithelial and mesenchymal odontogenic tumor that has been included as a new entity in the latest World Health Organization (WHO) classification (2017). POT consists of dental papilla-like myxoid connective tissue covered with a delicate membrane of ameloblastic epithelium. Only 15 cases have been documented worldwide, and here, we report the sixteenth case and the first one of South Korea.
Case presentation
An asymptomatic lesion was discovered as an incidental radiographic finding in a 10-year-old boy. The patient had no complaints about the lesion. Cone-beam computerized tomograms revealed a round cavity with a defined cortical border measuring approximately 5 × 5 × 5 mm in size. The lesion was a POT. The patient was treated with enucleation. The tumor showed no recurrence for one year.
Conclusion
This is the first report of POT in South Korea using the novel diagnosis of POT after it was recognized and defined in the latest WHO classification. This novel diagnosis will be useful for pathologists and clinicians in diagnosing and differentiating this new and rare disease from other odontogenic tumors.
PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the deviation of landmarks from horizontal or midsagittal reference planes according to the methods of establishing reference planes.Materials and MethodsComputed tomography (CT) scans of 18 patients who received orthodontic and orthognathic surgical treatment were reviewed. Each CT scan was reconstructed by three methods for establishing three orthogonal reference planes (namely, the horizontal, midsagittal, and coronal reference planes). The horizontal (bilateral porions and bilateral orbitales) and midsagittal (crista galli, nasion, prechiasmatic point, opisthion, and anterior nasal spine) landmarks were identified on each CT scan. Vertical deviation of the horizontal landmarks and horizontal deviation of the midsagittal landmarks were measured.ResultsThe porion and orbitale, which were not involved in establishing the horizontal reference plane, were found to deviate vertically from the horizontal reference plane in the three methods. The midsagittal landmarks, which were not used for the midsagittal reference plane, deviated horizontally from the midsagittal reference plane in the three methods.ConclusionIn a three-dimensional facial analysis, the vertical and horizontal deviations of the landmarks from the horizontal and midsagittal reference planes could vary depending on the methods of establishing reference planes.
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