Knowledge about the Brazilian fungal diversity was, until 2010, recorded in few taxonomy and ecology publications, as well as in a handful of species lists. With the publication of the Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil and the continued availability of an online list, it has been possible to aggregate this dispersed knowledge. The version presented here adds 2,111 species names to the 3,608 listed in 2010. A total of 5,719 species of fungi distributed in 1,246 genera, 102 orders and 13 phyla represents a considerable increase over the last five years, when only 924 genera and 78 orders were registered. Basidiomycota (2,741 species in 22 orders) and Ascomycota (1,881 species in 41 orders) predominate over other groups. The Atlantic Rainforest has the largest number of records, with 3,017 species, followed by Amazon Rainforest (1,050), Caatinga (999), Cerrado (638) and Pampa and Pantanal with 84 and 35 species, respectively. The Northeast region has the greatest richness (2,617 species), followed by Southeast (2,252), South (1,995), North (1,301) and Central-West (488 species). Regarding the States of the Federation, São Paulo with 1,846 species, Pernambuco with 1,611 and Rio Grande do Sul with 1,377 species are the most diverse. Key words: Taxonomy, mycology, brazilian regions. ResumoAté 2010, o conhecimento sobre a diversidade de fungos do Brasil estava registrado em publicações esparsas de taxonomia e ecologia e em algumas poucas listas de espécies. Com a publicação do Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil, e a disponibilização da lista online, tem sido possível agregar o conhecimento disperso. A versão ora apresentada acrescenta 2.111 nomes de espécies aos 3.608 listados em 2010. São citadas 5.719 espécies de fungos distribuídas em 1.246 gêneros, 102 ordens e 13 divisões, consistindo em considerável aumento em relação a 2010, quando estavam registrados 924 gêneros e 78 ordens. Predominam os Basidiomycota (2.741 espécies, em 22 ordens) e Ascomycota (1.881 espécies, em 41 ordens). A Mata Atlântica possui a maior quantidade de registros, com 3.017 espécies, seguido pela Amazonia (1.050), Caatinga (999), Cerrado (638) e Pampa e Pantanal com 84 e 35 espécies, respectivamente. A região Nordeste tem a maior riqueza (2.617 especies), seguida pelo Sudeste (2.252), Sul (1.995), Norte (1.301) e Centro Oeste (488 espécies). Em relação aos Estados da Federação, São Paulo (1.846 espécies), Pernambuco (1.611) e Rio Grande do Sul (1.377) são os mais diversos. Palavras-chave: Taxonomia, micologia, regiões brasileiras.
The Amazon has a high diversity of fungi, including species of the genus Daldinia (Ascomycota, Xylariaceae), which produce secondary metabolites with recognized nematicidal and antimicrobial activity. The ecological role of Daldinia is important, as stromata serve as refuges to many insects and arthropodes, and the fungi contribute to the degradation of vegetable organic matter. The aim of this study was to analyze the taxonomic features and mycelial growth conditions in vitro of a Daldinia specimen collected in the Brazilian Amazon. Morphological and molecular studies of the fungus identified it as D. eschscholtzii. To evaluate mycelial growth, we cultivated the fungus at 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 ºC in malt extract-peptone agar (MEPA), malt extract-peptone (MEP), potato dextrose (PD), and minimum medium (MM). The best mycelial growth occurred at 35 ºC, although the greatest amount of biomass was obtained at 25 ºC and 30 ºC. PD proved to be the best medium for biomass production. KEYWORDS: Daldinia eschscholzii, fungal diversity, macrofungus, occurrence. Daldinia eschscholzii (Ascomycota, Xylariaceae) isolado na Amazônia brasileira: características taxonômicas e condições de crescimento micelial RESUMOA Amazônia apresenta alta diversidade de fungos, incluindo Daldinia (Ascomycota, Xylariaceae), cujas espécies produzem metabólitos secundários com reconhecida atividade antimicrobiana e nematicida. O papel ecológico é importante, visto que estromas servem de abrigo para muitos insetos e artrópodes, além de contribuir na degradação da matéria orgânica vegetal. O objetivo desse estudo foi analizar as características taxonômicas e as condições do crescimento micelial in vitro de um espécime de Daldinia coletado na Amazônia brasileira. Estudos morfológicos e moleculares do fungo o indetificaram como D. eschscholtzii. Para avaliação do crescimento micelial o fungo foi cultivado nas temperaturas de 20, 25, 30, 35 e 40 ºC e nos meios de cultura extrato de malte-peptona ágar (EMPA), extrato de malte-peptona (EMP), batata dextrose (BD) e meio mínimo (MM). O melhor crescimento micelial ocorreu a 35 ºC, entretanto, a maior quantidade de biomassa foi obtida a 25 e 30 ºC. O meio BD provou ser o melhor meio para produção de biomassa.
Four new Annulohypoxylon species are described from northeastern Brazil: A. austrobahiense, A. macrodiscum, A. hemicarpum and A. purpureopigmentum. A key is provided.
RESUMO Em áreas de plantio de gravioleira (Annona muricata) em seis municípios no estado da Bahia, observou-se o morfo assexual do fungo Prillieuxina winteriana, que causa manchas foliares e queda prematura de folhas, sendo um importante patógeno para a cultura, sendo realizadas coletas de folhas infectadas para estudo além do exame de espécimes do fungo depositados no Herbário URM. A aplicação dos Postulados de Koch possibilitou a confirmação da patogenicidade dos espécimes coletados in loco de P. winteriana a A. muricata, sendo os testes conduzidos em casa de vegetação e campo, onde o tempo decorrido desde a infecção das folhas até a formação de estruturas reprodutivas foi de aproximadamente quatro meses. A caracterização morfológica e histopatológica foi feita com o auxílio de microscópios ótico e eletrônico. Testes histoquímicos nas folhas infetadas mostraram haver acúmulo de proteínas, de compostos fenólicos e de alcaloides nos tecidos.
Neolinocarpon attaleae is described from the palm Attalea funifera collected in Brazil. This species is illustrated and compared with similar species. A key to all species of Neolinocarpon is provided.
A new species, Phylacia cylindrica, characterized by cylindrical stromata with constricted bases, is described from the southern region of the State of Bahia, Brazil. A key to Phylacia taxa found in Brazil is presented.
A stromatic tar-spot fungus, found associated with Cardiospermum grandiflorum from the Parque Nacional do Vale do Catimbau (Buíque PE), was collected and identified as Phyllachora serjaniicola. This represents the first report of this fungus on C. grandiflorum. Key words: Phyllachoraceae, Ascomycota, Sapindaceae. RESUMO Primeiro relato de Phyllachora serjaniicola causando mancha-de-piche em Cardiospermum grandiflorumUm fungo estromático causador de mancha-de-piche, associado a Cardiospermum grandiflorum no Parque Nacional do Vale do Catimbau (Buíque PE), foi coletado e identificado como Phyllachora serjaniicola. Este é o primeiro relato deste fungo em C. grandiflorum. Palavras-chave: Phyllachoraceae, Ascomycota, Sapindaceae.Species of Cardiospermum (Sapindaceae) occur naturally in tropical Africa, Asia and America. Some species in this genus have spread to most tropical and subtropical regions of the world, either as ornamentals or accidentally, becoming weeds (Kissman & Groth, 1995). Cardiospermum grandiflorum Sw. (balloon vine, heart seed; local name: ensacadinha) is considered a noxious weed in Australia (Carroll et al., 2005) and in South Africa (Olckers, 2004). It is also known to have some medicinal properties (Burkill, 2000). In South Africa there are reports of ongoing research on the rust fungus Puccinia arechavaletae as a potential biological control agent for C. grandiflorum (Olckers, 2004). No other fungal pathogen has been evaluated for that purpose and there is no published result of intensive surveys of fungi pathogenic to C. grandiflorum.In April 2007, leaves of C. grandiflorum showing typical tar-spot symptoms and bearing amphigenous black stromata (Figures 1 and 2) were collected in an area of dry scrubland (Caatinga) in the Parque Nacional do Vale do Catimbau, municipality of Buíque, State of Pernambuco, Brazil (8º34'56"S and 37º14'26"W; 787m alt.).The fungus associated with the disease had the following morphology: stromata black, carbonaceous, subcircular to irregular, amphigenous, slightly raised, subglobose stromata, 0.5��3 mm diam; perithecia black, immersed in the palisade layer, clypeate, ostiolate, 200��250 µm diam. (Figure 1); ostiole minute, flattened, periphysate; perithecial walls, 12��22 µm thick, two-three layered of flattened brown cells; asci unitunicate, thinwalled, cylindrical-clavate, 8-spored, 60-70 x 11-17µm; paraphyses colorless, filiform, branched, abundant, persistent; ascospores aseptate, smooth, uniseriate, ellipsoid, hyaline, 11-12 x 8-9 µm (Figure 2).The fungus was identified as Phyllachora serjaniicola (Chardon, 1921). Other Phyllachora species reported in Brazil on plants belonging to the Sapindaceae differ from P. serjaniicola by the following characteristics: P. alamoi Chardon is associated with conspicuous large (> 1cm diam) foliicolous and cauliicolous stromata (Chardon & Toro, 1934); the ascospores of P. duplex Rehm are significantly larger (16��20 x 9��10 µm) (Chardon, 1921); P. galavisii Chardon forms conspicuous stromata and has ascospores which ar...
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