The WBV is a training that could improve respiratory muscle strength and quality of life and promote different ventilatory strategies in chest wall and thoracoabdominal compartments in healthy elderly adults.

Background: Trans-nasal pulmonary aerosol delivery using high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) devices is described with the administration of high gas flows exceeding patient inspiratory flow (HF) and with lower flows (LF). The aim of this pilot clinical trial was to compare deposition and distribution of radiolabeled aerosol via nasal cannula in healthy adults across three rates of gas flow delivered with active heated humidification, and to further identify the impact of aerosol administration without heated humidity. Methods: Twenty-three (23) healthy adults (16F) were randomized to receive aerosol with active heated humidification or unheated oxygen at gas flows of 10 L/min (n = 8), 30 L/min (n = 7), or 50 L/min (n = 8). Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid labeled with 1 millicurie (37 MBq) of Technetium-99m (DTPA-Tc99m) was mixed with NaCl to a fill volume of 1 mL, and administered via mesh nebulizer placed at the inlet of the humidifier. Radioactivity counts were performed using a gamma camera and the regions of interest (ROIs) were delimited with counts from the lungs, upper airways, stomach, nebulizer, circuit, and expiratory filter. A mass balance was calculated and each compartment was expressed as a percentage of the total. Results: Lung deposition (mean ± SD) with heated humidified gas was greater at 10 L/min than 30 L/min or 50 L/min (17.2 ± 6.8%, 5.71 ± 2.04%, and 3.46 ± 1.24%, respectively; p = 0.0001). Using unheated carrier gas, a lung dose of aerosol was similar to the active heated humidification condition at 10 L/min, but greater at 30 and 50 L/min (p = 0.011). Administered gas flow and lung deposition were negatively correlated (r = −0.880, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Both flow and active heated humidity inversely impact aerosol delivery through HFNC. Nevertheless, aerosol administration across the range of commonly used flows can provide measurable levels of lung deposition in healthy adult subjects (NCT 02519465).

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The results suggest that immersion at the level of the clavicles and xiphoid appendix alters lung function and respiratory muscle strength when compared with the values measured out of the water and immersed at the IC level in healthy individuals, demonstrating the influence of hydrostatic pressure on the respiratory system.

The device design phase integration led to a novel design and inspiratory pattern with greater levels of peripheral deposition than previously reported with commercial inhalers. The rationale and process of the application of these methods are described with implications for use in future device development.

The objective of this study was to analyze thoraco-abdominal kinematics in obese children in seated and supine positions during spontaneous quiet breathing. An observational study of pulmonary function and chest wall volume assessed by optoelectronic plethysmography was conducted on 35 children aged 8-12 years that were divided into 2 groups according to weight/height ratio percentiles: there were 18 obese children with percentiles greater than 95 and 17 normal weight children with percentiles of 5-85. Pulmonary function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1); forced vital capacity (FVC); and FEV1/FVC ratio), ventilatory pattern, total and compartment chest wall volume variations, and thoraco-abdominal asynchronies were evaluated. Tidal volume was greater in seated position. Pulmonary and abdominal rib cage tidal volume and their percentage contribution to tidal volume were smaller in supine position in both obese and control children, while abdominal tidal volume and its percentage contribution was greater in the supine position only in obese children and not in controls. No statistically significant differences were found between obese and control children and between supine and seated positions regarding thoraco-abdominal asynchronies. We conclude that in obese children thoraco-abdominal kinematics is influenced by supine posture, with an increase of the abdominal and a decreased rib cage contribution to ventilation, suggesting that in this posture areas of hypoventilation can occur in the lung.

ObjectiveTo analyze in obese women the acute effects of the breath stacking technique on thoraco-abdominal expansion.Design and MethodsNineteen obese women (BMI≥30 kg/m2) were evaluated by anthropometry, spirometry and maximal respiratory muscle pressures and successively analyzed by Opto-Electronic Plethysmography and a Wright respirometer during quiet breathing and breath stacking maneuvers and compared with a group of 15 normal-weighted healthy women. The acute effects of the maneuvers were assessed in terms of total and compartmental chest wall volumes at baseline, end of the breath stacking maneuver and after the maneuver. Obese subjects were successively classified into two groups, accordingly to the response during the maneuver, group 1 = prevalent rib cage or group 2 = abdominal expansion.ResultsAge was significantly lower in group 1 than group 2. When considering the two obese groups, FEV1 was lower and minute ventilation was higher only in group 2 compared to controls group. During breath stacking, inspiratory capacity was significant differences in obese subjects with a smaller expansion of the pulmonary rib cage and a greater expansion of the abdomen compared to controls and also between groups 1 and 2. A significant inverse linear relationship was found between age and inspiratory capacity of the pulmonary rib cage but not of the abdomen.ConclusionsIn obese women the maximal expansion of the rib cage and abdomen is influenced by age and breath stacking maneuver could be a possible therapy for preventing respiratory complications.

151performance in discerning fallers from non-fallers; however, no association was observed between falling patients with PTH serum levels and the LTH.Keywords | parathyroid hormone; bone remodeling; renal dialysis. ABSTRACT | The objective of this study was to evaluate the capacity of the Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I), of the parathyroid hormone (PTH) serum levels, and of the length of time on hemodialysis (LTH) to discriminate falling from non-falling patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) under hemodialysis treatment. We conducted a cross sectional study on 64 patients with an average age of 44.2±14.8 years. Anthropometric data, PTH serum level, history, and risk of falls (FES-I), LTH, and level of physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire -IPAQ) were collected. We found elevated PTH serum lev els in 64. 1% of the patients, and 17.2% reported a history of falls in the last year. The average LTH was 50.3±37.5 months. A low level of physical activity was detected in 64. 1% of the patients. There was also positive correlation between PTH and LTH (r=0.47, p<0.001). No correlation was found between the FES-I and PTH (p<0. 131), between the FES-I and the LTH (p<0. 153) or between the PTH (low value/normal ≤450 pg/mL and high value >450 pg/mL) and the risk of falling (falling and non-falling patients) (p<0. 158). In this study, the FES-I instrument was capable of discriminating fallers from non-fallers on hemodialysis. We conclude that the FES-I showed good RESUMO |