The chapter analyzes technological innovations used in high-level sport and how mass participants have and will benefit from these advancements. The authors discuss progressive practices of different successful sporting nations. The chapter debriefs high-performance facility development and utilization practices, as well as examples of modern equipment and technology being applied in multiple high-performance athlete service areas, such as general fitness, sport-specific training, restoration, nutrition, medicine, and psychology. This section also emphasizes examples of national and local high-performance technology practices for enhancing mass participation, such as evolving networks of comprehensive multisport training centers available for nurturing every possible age and socioeconomic group. Finally, suggestions are made to provide communities, in partnership with universities or local military installations, with recreation and sport technologies which are free or affordable for all, including instructions enabling everyone to utilize and enjoy the new technologies.
Gait retraining techniques to reduce impact forces during running is of significant interest to clinicians interested in reducing running injury risk. Increased peak rectus femoris activity during swing was significantly correlated with decreased impact peak during running (r = −0.654, p = 0.01) due to the muscle’s large hip flexion moment arm (43 to 54 mm). Gluteus medius (r = −0.204, p = 0.466) and adductor longus (r = 0.104, p = 0.714) activity were not significantly correlated with impact peak. These results suggest that gait retraining programs aimed at reducing the impact peak during running should focus on increased rectus femoris activity during swing.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between forceplate inaccuracies and joint torques during running. Instrumented gait analysis data were collected on a single subject running above ground. A Monte Carlo analysis was performed using 60 simulations. In each simulation, joint torques were computed as the ground reaction force (GRF) data were perturbed. Errors in joint torques were larger for proximal joints compared to the distal joints. These errors in joint torques were due more to inaccuracies in the GRF magnitude than the center of pressure (COP) measurements. Clinically, these results may be used to determine a priori the forceplate accuracy needed to measure a desired difference in joint torque between patient populations.
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