Introduction Africa denotes unique facies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) characterized by a conjunction of low sensitization, restricted access to diagnosis and treatment and associated with the highest incidence and mortality in the world. We investigated whether hepatitis B (HBV), C (HCV) and D (VHD) viruses were etiological agents of HCC in Africa. Methods Relevant articles were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, African Index Medicus, and African Journal Online databases, as well as manual searches in relevant reviews and included articles. Analytical studies from Africa evaluating the association between HCC development and HBV, HCV, and HDV were included. Relevant studies were selected, data extracted, and the risk of bias assessed independently by at least 2 investigators. The association was estimated using odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence interval (95% CI) determined by a random-effects model. Sources of heterogeneity were determined by subgroup analyses. Results A total of 36 case-control studies were included. With controls having non-hepatic disease, the overall results suggested a significantly increased risk of HCC in patients with HBV (HBeAg (OR = 19.9; 95% CI = [3.7–105.2]), HBsAg (OR = 9.9; 95%) CI = [6.2–15.6]) and DNA (OR = 8.9; 95% CI = [5.9–13.4]); HCV (Anti-HCV (OR = 9.4; 95% CI = [6.3–14.0]) and RNA (OR = 16.5; 95% CI = [7.8–34.6]); HDV (Anti-VHD, (OR = 25.8; 95% CI = [5.9–112.2]); and HBV/HCV coinfections (HBV DNA/HCV RNA (OR = 22.5; 95% CI = [1.3–387.8]). With apparently healthy controls, the overall results suggested a significantly increased risk of HCC in patients with HBV (HBsAg, (OR = 8.9; 95% CI = [6.0–13.0]); HCV (Anti-HCV, (OR = 7.7; 95% CI = [5.6–10.6]); and HBV/HCV coinfections (HBsAg/Anti-HCV (OR = 7.8; 95% CI = [4.4–13.6]) Substantial heterogeneity and the absence of publication bias were recorded for these results. Conclusions In Africa, HBV/HCV coinfections and HBV, HCV, and HDV infections are associated with an increased risk of developing HCC. The implementation of large-scale longitudinal and prospective studies including healthy participants to search for early biomarkers of the risk of progression to HCC is urgently needed.
Introduction epidemiological data suggests that more than 50% of hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients fail treatment. The objective of the study was to highlight the seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus antigen (HCV Ag) at the 12 th week of treatment. Methods during a cross-sectional study, participants with chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were recruited between December 2020 and March 2022 at the Yaoundé General Hospital (HGY) and the University Teaching Hospital of Yaounde (UTHY). Five millilitres of blood samples were taken from each consenting participant and then a qualitative search for HCV Ag by Enzyme-Linked Immuno Assay (ELISA) was performed. Analysis of the results was performed using SPSS Version 25.0 software. Results out of the 192 participants selected for the study, only 92 (47,9%) participants were at 12 weeks of treatment, including 69 (75%) participants positive for the hepatitis C virus antibody (HCV Ab) by RDT. Of these participants, 44 (47.8%) participants were positive for HCV Ag by ELISA, respectively 19/37 (51.3%), 14/19 (73.6%), 11/13 (84.6%) with chronic hepatitis (HC), Cirrhosis, and HCC (P<0.0001). Conclusion our results showed a high prevalence of HCV Ag in patients at their 12 th week of treatment which predicts treatment failure and calls for public policy to develop new management strategies to prevent HCV treatment failure in our context.
Background and objective : Diabetic foot infection is one of the most serious complications of diabetes and its persistence is the result of the ineffectiveness of antibiotic therapy due to the exponentially increasing of antibiotic resistant bacteria. The study aimed at investigating the antibacterial effect of the aqueous extract of some plants on the antibiotic resistant bacteria isolated from diabetic foot wound infections. Methods : A 6-months cross-sectional study from July 2021 to January 2022 at the Yaoundé Central Hospital, was undertaken with diabetic foot wound patients. All samples were appraised to determine presence of infectious agents using standard methods for isolation and identification of bacteria. Subsequently, Antibiotic resistance was done using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion methods. Finally, extracts of Cannabis sativa leaves, Allium cepa and Allium sativum bulbs were obtained with water and their antibacterial activities were evaluated by the microdillution method on liquid medium. Results : 20 patients whom 14 men were included, with a sex ratio of 2.33, and their mean age was 52.5±9.6 years. 60% of these patients presented wounds in grade III and were of several types : purulent (48.57%), moist (31.43%) and dry (20%). 35 strains were isolated. The predominant GPB were S. aureus (34.29%) followed by Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (14.29%), and Bacillus Spp (2.86%). Among the GNB, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.46%), Serratia Spp. (8.56%), Escherichia coli (8.56%), Enterobacter Spp. (5.71%), Proteus Spp. (5.71%), Klebsiella Spp., Yersinia Spp. and Salmonella Spp. in proportions of 2.86% each. A high rate of antibiotic resistance was recorded for Oxacillin (100%), Vancomycin (83.34%) and Augmentin (55.56%). Sensitivity tests on liquid medium showed that MIC ranged between 3.12-25.00 mg/mL, 6.25-25.00 mg/mL and 1.86-25.00 mg/mL respectivelly for A. sativa, A. cepa and C. sativa. Alliums were much more active on GNB. Although these results are low, they could be an alternative for the diabetic foot infection treatment. Conclusion : Alliums were much more active on GNB Although these results are low, they could be an alternative for the diabetic foot infection treatment. Peer Review History: Received: 28 February 2022; Revised: 15 April; Accepted: 24 April, Available online: 15 May 2022 Academic Editor: Dr. Sally A. El-Zahaby, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt, sally.elzahaby@yahoo.com UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewers: Dr. Sangeetha Arullappan, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia, sangeetha@utar.edu.my Prof. Dr. Ali Gamal Ahmed Al-kaf, Sana'a university, Yemen, alialkaf21@gmail.com Similar Articles: THE SCOPING REVIEW OF CHINESE AND WESTERN MEDICINE TREATMENT OF DIABETIC FOOT IN ASIA A SURVEY ABOUT THE CURRENT SCENARIO OF DIABETES IN CHATTOGRAM AREA BY DETERMINING PRACTICE OF THE SELF-CARE ACTIVITIES AMONGST PEOPLE WITH DIABETES
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