Global prevalence of occult hepatitis C virus: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Mbaga, Donatien Serge; Kenmoe, Sébastien; Bikoï, Jacky Njiki; Takuissu, Guy Roussel; Amougou-Atsama, Marie; Okobalemba, Etienne Atenguena; Ebogo‐Belobo, Jean Thierry; Bowo‐Ngandji, Arnol; Oyono, Martin Gael; Magoudjou‐Pekam, Jeannette Nina; Kame‐Ngasse, Ginette Irma; Nka, Alex Durand; Feudjio, Alfloditte Flore; Zemnou-Tepap, Cromwel; Velhima, Elie Adamou; Ondigui, Juliette Laure Ndzie; Nayang-Mundo, Rachel Audrey; Touangnou-Chamda, Sabine Aimée; Takeu, Yrene Kamtchueng; Taya-Fokou, Jean Bosco; Mikangue, Chris Andre Mbongue; Kenfack‐Momo, Raoul; Kengne‐Nde, Cyprien; Sake, Carole Stéphanie; Esemu, Seraphine Nkie; Njouom, Richard; Ndip, Lucy; Essama, Sara Honorine Riwom

doi:10.5662/wjm.v12.i3.179

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The global frequency of OHCV infection varies widely, ranging from 3.3 to 57% among individuals with unexplained abnormalities in liver function tests [4,25]. Our previous study found a 53.84% occurrence of OHCV infection among individuals with chronic liver disease of unknown origin [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Unraveling IL-17 and IL-22 role in occult hepatitis C versus chronic hepatitis C virus infection

Elbaz,

Mousa,

Elmetwalli

et al. 2024

BMC Infect Dis

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Background Cytokines play a crucial role in regulating the function of the immune system by controlling the production, differentiation, and activity of immune cells. Occult hepatitis C virus (OHCV) infection can lead to liver damage, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. This study investigates the immunopathogenic impact of the cytokines IL-17 and IL-22 in OHCV infection compared to chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infection. Methods We studied three groups of patients: 35 with OHCV, 100 untreated patients with CHC, and 30 healthy control subjects. All subjects underwent physical examination and biochemical testing. We used the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method to measure serum IL-17 and IL-22 levels in all groups. Results Compared to the occult and control groups, the CHC group had significantly higher serum IL-17 levels (p < 0.001). The occult group also had higher serum IL-17 levels compared to the control group (p < 0.0001). There were no significant differences in IL-22 levels across the research groups. In the OHCV group, individuals with moderate inflammation (A2-A3) had significantly higher serum IL-17 levels than those with minimal inflammation (A0-A1), while in the CHC group, this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.601). Neither the occult nor the CHC groups showed a correlation between serum IL-22 and inflammatory activity. There was no significant correlation between the levels of IL-17 or IL-22 and the stage of fibrosis/cirrhosis in either group. ROC curves were calculated for serum IL-17 and IL-22 levels and occult HCV infection, with cut-off values set at ≤ 32.1 pg/ml and < 14.3 pg/ml for IL-17 and IL-22, respectively. The AUROC (95%CI) was significantly higher for IL-17 than IL-22 (0.829 (0.732–0.902) vs. 0.504 (0.393–0.614), p < 0.001), suggesting that IL-17 has a stronger correlation with infection risk than IL-22. Conclusion This study suggests that IL-17 may be involved in the immunopathogenesis of OHCV infection, especially in patients with moderate inflammation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Unraveling IL-17 and IL-22 role in occult hepatitis C versus chronic hepatitis C virus infection

Elbaz,

Mousa,

Elmetwalli

et al. 2024

BMC Infect Dis

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“…Death rate due to this virus is high, approximately 350,000 persons die annually. 2 Over 58 million persons are chronically infected with HCV around the globe 3,4 around 1.5 million persons worldwide are recently infected with Hepatitis C. 5 The frequency of Hepatitis in general community was assessed at 1.0%. 6…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C virus: Its prevalence, risk factors and genotype distribution in Pakistan

et al. 2022

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Hepatitis C is a dangerous liver disease transmitted by Hepatitis C virus (HCV). HCV constitutes an important health issue in Pakistan. In Pakistani setting HCV is found frequently and is recognized as an alarming health problem. In this cross sectional study we reviewed published data regarding the seroprevalence of hepatitis C in general community, blood donors and pregnant females and risk factors linked with its occurrence in Pakistan. Data retrieved from163 studies published from 2001 to 2022 was utilized and weighted mean was calculated. Data of 1,875,232 individuals was collected and arranged into three groups, depending upon the population type such as (1) general population, (2) pregnant women, (3) blood donors. General population (765,426) and blood donors (973,260) formed the most of population. Mean Hepatitis C virus prevalence in general public and blood donors was 16.47% and 8.2% respectively. In pregnant females (136,546) the mean frequency was 9.3%. This study exhibits that the frequency of Hepatitis C in general population, pregnant females and blood donors groups was 11.32%. The data suggested that risks factors for transmitting HCV infection in Pakistan include unsterilized needle use, blood transfusions, shaving by barbers, lack of trained staff, needle stick injuries, injection drug users, household contacts/spousal transmission, unsterilized dental and surgical Instruments, improper disposal of hospital waste, poor infra-structure and others. The frequency of HCV infection is distressing in Pakistan. Health education and awareness programs are needed for decreasing Hepatitis C infection in Pakistan. The data necessitate the implementation of preventive and remedial approaches to decrease the disease load and mortality in Pakistan.

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Occult liver disease: A multinational perspective

Vidal-Cevallos,

Flores-García,

Chávez-Tapia

et al. 2024

Annals of Hepatology

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Global prevalence of occult hepatitis C virus: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 5 publications

References 38 publications

Unraveling IL-17 and IL-22 role in occult hepatitis C versus chronic hepatitis C virus infection

Unraveling IL-17 and IL-22 role in occult hepatitis C versus chronic hepatitis C virus infection

Hepatitis C virus: Its prevalence, risk factors and genotype distribution in Pakistan

Occult liver disease: A multinational perspective

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