In this work, we present quasi-monostatic Radar Cross Section measurements of different Unmanned Aerial Vehicles at 26-40 GHz. We study the Radar Cross Section signatures of nine different multi-rotor platforms as well as a single Lithium-ion Polymer battery. These results are useful in the design and testing of radar systems which employ millimeter-wave frequencies for superior drone detection. The data shows how radio waves are scattered by drones of various sizes and what impact the primary construction material has on the received Radar Cross Section signatures. Matching our intuition, the measurements confirm that larger drones made of carbon fiber are easier to detect, whereas drones made from plastic and styrofoam materials are less visible to the radar systems. The measurement results are published as an open database, creating an invaluable reference for engineers working on drone detection. INDEX TERMS Drone detection, millimeter-wave, radar cross section, unmanned aerial vehicle.
Wireless communication at millimeter wave frequencies has attracted considerable attention for the delivery of high-bit-rate connectivity to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). However, conducting the channel measurements necessary to assess communication at these frequencies has been challenging due to the severe payload and power restrictions in commercial UAVs. This work presents a novel lightweight (approximately 1.3 kg) channel measurement system at 28 GHz installed on a commercially available UAV. A ground transmitter equipped with a horn antenna conveys sounding signals to a UAV equipped with a lightweight spectrum analyzer. We demonstrate that the measurements can be highly influenced by the antenna pattern as shaped by the UAV's frame. A calibration procedure is presented to correct for the resulting angular variations in antenna gain. The measurement setup is then validated on real flights from an airstrip at distances in excess of 300m.
This letter discusses the design, manufacture, and characterization of a substrate‐integrated waveguide E‐plane tapering. The tapering facilitates the integration of two waveguides with varying heights for, that is, conductor‐backed coplanar waveguide to rectangular waveguide integration. A simultaneous top‐ and bottom‐sided, λ/4‐based stepped tapering for the 71–86 GHz band is designed using low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic technology. The fabricated design is measured using two E‐plane taperings in back‐to‐back configuration. The reflection coefficient better than −11.8 dB, and the transmission coefficient larger than −1.4 dB at the full 71–86‐GHz range for a single tapering is extracted from the measurement using time‐gating.
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