The production and processing of sheet metals of high-strength steels, titanium, aluminum or magnesium alloys is investigated intensively at universities and in the industry. The main emphasis is put for example on the aluminum space frame concept as well as on the succeeding projects of the ULSAB-study in the field of the steel sheet metals.Within this article the qualification of the above mentioned materials for the application as deep-drawing materials will be discussed. The aim of the development for new deep-drawing sheet metals is to decrease the elastic part of the forming, which means to lower the yield point. A high elastic portion would cause a high resilience after the forming of the sheet metals and therefore an increased requirement of force and form error during the forming process.Furthermore the optimized sheet metal material should have a great uniform elongation, so that it can be plastically deformed in a wide range. The beginning of the deformation should be possible at low forming forces but due to the deformation an increase of the hardening should be caused, so that the finished component has high strength. But it is not possible to realize both aims, high strength and great uniform elongation, at the same time.Keywords: Sheet metal, steel, titanium, aluminum, magnesium Die Fertigung und Verarbeitung von Blechen aus hochfesten Stählen, Titan, Aluminum-oder Magnesiumlegierungen ist zur Zeit Gegenstand intensiver Forschungsarbeiten an Universitäten und in der Industrie. Schwerpunkte bilden hier unter anderem das Aluminum Spaceframekonzept sowie die Nachfolgeprojekte der ULSAB-Studie im Bereich der Stahlbleche.Im Rahmen dieses Artikels soll vor allem die Eignung der oben aufgeführten Werkstoffe für den Einsatz als Tiefziehwerkstoffe diskutiert werden. Hierbei ist das Wunschziel der Entwicklung für neue Tiefziehbleche ein Werkstoff, der praktisch keinen elastischen Bereich der Verformung zeigt, also über eine sehr niedrige Streckgrenze verfügt. Ein hoher elastischer Anteil würde zu großen Rück-federungen nach der Umformung der Bleche und somit zu erhöh-tem Kräftebedarf und Formabweichung beim Umformvorgang füh-ren.Weiterhin sollte solch ein Blechwerkstoff über eine große Gleichmaßdehnung verfügen, sich also sehr weit plastisch verformen lassen. Der Beginn dieser Verformung sollte bei geringen Umformkräften möglich sein, durch die Verformung sollte aber ein Anstieg der Verfestigung erfolgen, so dass das fertige Bauteil über eine hohe Festigkeit verfügt. Beide Ziele, also eine hohe Festigkeit und eine große Umformbarkeit, sind jedoch gleichzeitig nicht zu realisieren.
In fluid flow, the frictional effects from interior surfaces of flow components create pressure loss across the surface. Understanding this inherent pressure loss due to friction and other phenomena is important when designing a flow system. For conventional manufacturing, friction loss has been empirically studied and is well known in the engineering community. However, newer manufacturing techniques, such as laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), an additive manufacturing technique, need to be understood. The inherent flow conditions resulting from the additive processes were studied. Test samples were printed with the flow path oriented in the vertical direction with different channel diameters to characterize the inherent fundamental flow properties of the process. Moody diagrams were replicated for a greater understanding of possibilities and shortfalls when implementing LPBF into design applications. Experimental flow testing revealed that greater effective sand grain roughness resulted from this process when compared to conventional machining methods. This roughness did not correlate well to the average roughness measured with a laser scanning microscope but was consistent with the average particle size of the powder metal feedstock.
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