It is undesirable to expect 100% treatment coverage for depression, given many will remit before access to services is feasible. Data were drawn from consenting wait-list and primary-care samples, which potentially over-represented mild-to-moderate cases of depression. Considering reported rates of spontaneous remission, a short untreated period seems defensible for this subpopulation, where judged appropriate by the clinician. Conclusions may not apply to individuals with more severe depression.

Common mental disorders (CMDs) are highly prevalent in the working population, and are associated with long-term sickness absence and disability. Workers on sick leave with CMDs would benefit from interventions that enable them to successfully return to work (RTW). However, the effectiveness of RTW interventions for workers with a CMD is not well studied. The objective of this review is to assess the effectiveness of existing workplace and clinical interventions that were aimed at enhancing RTW. A systematic review of studies of interventions for improving RTW in workers with a CMD was conducted. The main outcomes were proportion of RTW and sick-leave duration until RTW. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified from Medline/PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, SocINDEX, and Human resource and management databases from January 1995 to 2016. Two authors independently selected studies, assessed risk of bias and extracted data. We pooled studies that we deemed sufficiently homogeneous in different comparison groups and assessed the overall quality of the evidence. We reviewed 2347 abstracts from which 136 full-text articles were reviewed and 16 RCTs were included in the analysis. Combined results from these studies suggested that the available interventions did not lead to improved RTW rates over the control group [pooled risk ratio 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.97-1.12], but reduced the number of sick-leave days in the intervention group compared to the control group, with a mean difference of -13.38 days (95% CI -24.07 to -2.69).

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Neurofilament (NF) protein [high molecular mass (NF‐H)] is extensively phosphorylated in vivo. The phosphorylation occurs mainly in its characteristic KSP (Lys‐Ser‐Pro) repeat motifs. There are two major types of KSP motifs in the NF‐H tail domain: KSPXKX and KSPXXX. Recent studies by two different laboratories have demonstrated the presence of a cdc2‐like kinase [cyclin‐dependent kinase‐5 (cdk5)] in nervous tissue that selectively phosphorylates KSPXKX and XS/TXK motifs in NF‐H and lysine‐rich histone (H1). This article describes the identification of phosphatases dephosphorylating three different substrates: histone (H1), NF‐H in a NF preparation, and a bacterially expressed C‐terminal tail domain of NF‐H, each containing KSPXKX repeats phosphorylated in vitro by cdk5. Among various phosphatases identified, protein phosphatase (PP) 2A from rabbit skeletal muscle appeared to be the most effective phosphatase in in vitro assays. Three phosphatase activity peaks—P1, P2, and P3—were partially purified from frozen rat spinal cord by ion exchange and size exclusion column chromatography and then characterized on the basis of biochemical, pharmacological, and immunochemical studies. One of the three peaks was identified as PP2A, whereas the others were mixtures of both PP2A and PP1. These three peaks could dephosphorylate cdk5‐phosphorylated 32P‐histone (H1), 32P‐NF‐H in the NF preparation, and 32P‐NF‐H tail fusion protein. These studies suggest the involvement of PP2A or a PP2A‐like activity in the regulation of the phosphorylation state of KSPXKX motifs in NF‐H.

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