Introduction. Dental caries is considered to be a modern civilization disease;however, the state of oral health negatively influences psychological and sociological relations in children which leads to feelings of discomfort from early age. Objective. The aim of study was evaluation of the association between incidence of dental caries (d 3 ft index) in preschool children from urban and rural areas, and determining the relationship between dental caries intensity and hygienic habits. Materials and Method. 844 children aged 3-6 years from the city and the countryside were examined. The survey was conducted among parents/care givers regarding dental care of children. With parents' consent, the children had a dental examination. Results. The incidence of caries was recorded at the level of 52.61%, with an average value of 4.31 on the d 3 ft index; however, for the children from the urban area this ratio amounted to 4.15, and in the countryside it reached the value of 4.7. A correlation was found between age and area of residence of the children and various components of hygienic behavior model. Conclusions. More than a half of the children had dental caries in combination with a high frequency of unsatisfactory hygiene needs. There is a relationship between oral hygiene habits and age of the children, depending on the place of residence.
Piezosurgery is a relatively new technique of bone surgery that is recently gaining popularity in implantology, periodontics and oral surgery. The piezosurgery device produces specific ultrasound frequency modulation (22 000–35 000 Hz). The unit provides extreme precision and safety as well as micrometric cutting, thus allowing one to selectively section the mineralized bone structures. Moreover, the device causes less bleeding during and after the operation and the healing process is shorter. Due to the aforementioned advantages, an ultrasound device could be utilized in a wide range of surgical procedures, e.g. impacted tooth extraction, elevation of the Schneiderian membrane, bone splitting or expansion of the ridge, preparing bone bed and bone sampling, and corticotomy, not to menton cystectomy.
The technique of 24-hour esophageal multichannel intraluminal impedance monitoring combined with pH-metry (MII-pH) is currently considered to be the golden standard in the diagnostics of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The technique allows for differentiation of gas and liquid reflux as well as detection of non-acid reflux, which cannot be detected with other techniques that are based only on measuring the pH of gastric contents.THE AIM OF THE STUDY was to assess the usefulness of MII-pH in the diagnostics and treatment of GERD and its complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS. A group of 213 patients referred to II Katedra i Klinika Chirurgii Ogólnej, Gastroenterologicznej i Nowotworów Układu Pokarmowego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie [the Second Faculty and Clinic of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery and Gastrointestinal Oncology at Medical University of Lublin] due to persistent symptoms of GERD and 21 volunteers without any clinical evidence of GERD underwent esophageal monitoring via MII-pH. The results were correlated with those of upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy. The data gathered during MII-pH and endoscopy as well as information from questionnaires were entered into an MS Excel spreadsheet and subsequently analyzed with STATISTICA PL software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS. MII-pH proved to be considerably more useful than conventional pHmetry in recording acid reflux. The sensitivity of pH-metry based on the MII-pH technique was established at 74%. GERD-induced changes in the esophageal mucosa result in decreased impedance baseline. The presence and severity of inflammatory esophageal lesions was proven to be associated with acid reflux episodes and proximal reflux episodes. No direct relationship between the grade of GERD and the occurrence of non-acid reflux episodes was confirmed. Non-acid reflux episodes were shown to predispose to non-erosive reflux disease (NERD). The results of this study confirm that MIIpH is an essential technique in the diagnostics, as well as in assessment of the course of treatment and the severity of GERD.
Zusammenfassnng. Bei 42 Patienten mit nephrotischem Syndrom wurde die Protein-und Cholesterinausscheidung im 24 Stundenurin gemessen. Die gefundene positive Korrelation (r--0,76, p<0,01) zwischen Cholesterin und Protein im Urin w/ire vereinbar mit einer gesteigerten glomerul/iren Filtration yon Plasmalipoproteinen als Ursache der Lipidurie beim nephrotischen Syndrom. Sehliisselwarter: Nephrotisches Syndrom -Gesamtcholesterin im Urin Protein im UrinSummary. The excretion of protein and cholesterol in 24 h urine was measured in 42 patients with the nephrotic syndrome. The finding of a positive correlation (r = 0.76, p < 0.01) between urinary cholesterol and urinary protein would be compatible with an enhanced glomerular filtration of plasma lip•proteins as the cause of lipiduria in the nephrotic syndrome. Key words: Nephrotic syndrome -Urinary total cholesterol -Urinary proteinLipiduria is a commonly emphasized component of the nephrotic syndrome and refers usually to the birefringent or anisotropic crystals found in the urinary sediment of these patients. These anis•tropic bodies have the typical "Maltese cross" appearance when viewed with a polarizing microscope and cholesterol esters have been identified as the major components of these elements [6, 8, 91. A positive correlation between urinary cholesterol and urinary protein has been reported in several studies [1, 6] but could not be confirmed by others [2]. Most authors agree that an increased glomerular permeability to lip•protein is probably necessary before appreciable amounts of lipid appear in the urine [1][2][3][5][6][7][8][9].However, in all the said former studies urinary cholesterol was determined using nonspecific analytical procedures, mainly colorirnetric methods.Therefore, we studied with a specific gasliquid chromatographic method, whether a positive correlation would exist between urinary protein and urinary cholesterol in patients with the nephrotic syndrome. Offprint requests to: Dr. D. Jfingst (address see page I216)A nephrotic syndrome was defined as a clinical state in which there is a combination of •edema, proteinuria and hypoproteinaemia, irrespective of the aetiology or any other clinical features. This definition stresses the occasional clinical similarities of many unrelated diseases.Total urinary cholesterol was analyzed in 2 ml aliquots of 24 h urine. After extraction with 6 ml ethyl acetate for 30 rain in a rotating system, the urinary phase was removed. The ethyl acetate extract was purified with alkali (2 ml 0.1 N NaOH) and water washings and dried under a stream of nitrogen. The residue was dissolved in 0.1 ml of the internal standard solution (10 mg 4-androstene-3,17-dione/dI isooctane), followed by GLC on a 180 cm 1% XE 60 column, i.d. 2 ram, temperature const. 220 ° C. Quantitation was performed due to the peak height ratio, since alterations of cholesterol and 4-androstenedione concentrations gave a linear response. For the determination of total urinary cholesterol hydrolysis of the dried extract with 0
Looking for oral squamous cell carcinoma markers remains an actual issue. Identification of specific markers of oral cancer could be used in screening the population, determining prognosis and response to treatment.
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