A large number of seedlings of various cucumber varieties have been tested for bitterness . In the American variety Improved Long Green one plant was encountered that was non-bitter . This form of non-bitterness is highly valuable for breeding purposes, because of the possibility to select for non-bitterness at the seedling stage . Nonbitter varieties, as occur in other Cucurbitaceae, were not encountered in the many varieties investigated . Bitterness of cucumber and melon plants seems to be controlled by one dominant gene .Plants can be judged for non-bitterness simply by tasting them, provided that the tasters have previously been tested for sufficient discriminatory power .Non-bitterness of the young seedlings can also be shown by a chemical reaction . To this end a simple method has been developed .
Different testing methods to measure solidity and dry matter content of onion bulbs were examined. The correlation coefficients between the characters determined were calculated. No strong correlations were found between the results of the different methods of measuring solidity. The refraction value of the press juice gives reliable information on the dry matter content of the onion bulb.
As a preamble to a breeding programme for colour in roses, the relative quantities of carotenoids, eyanidin, pelargonidin, quercetin and kaempferol were determined in about 200 varieties and some species. Cyanidin was about normally distributed among red varieties, as were carotenoids and flavonols among white and yellow varieties. A positive relationship between pelargonidin and kaempferol was established, and a negative one between peiargonidin and quercetin. No other relations were found between the pigments.
Rapid quantitative determination of carbohydrates is possible with the aid of Dreywood's anthrone reagent, but the reproducibility of the method was found to be unsatisfactory. Better results were obtained by modifying the method and standardising it accurately. The modifications mainly bore on the composition and preparation of the reagent. The exclusion of dust during the determination was found to be very important.
Rapid simultaneous determination of glucose and fructose was possible by carrying out the reaction at 60° and 100°. An essential condition was that other carbohydrates and substances causing interference should be almost absent.
Application to the determination of sugars in tomato and apple is described.
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