Serum lipase is recommended for diagnosis of AP, both early and late in the disease. Although highly specific when elevated, all pancreatic enzymes have low sensitivity for diagnosis.

Patterns of diabetic foot disease which are not commonly recognized are described in the present study; the severity and cost of the problem are documented; and some factors which lead to poor outcome, such as late presentation, are identified. Attention should be paid, through a multidisciplinary team, to timely referral from primary care, patient education, total contact casts and appropriate revascularization.