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Under the conditions of this study, preparation with Ni-Ti K-files produced more appropriate shapes in roots with apically curved canals than Ni-Ti S-files.

The present study is aimed at investigation of the microstructural quality of the joint achieved in low alloyed carbon steels. Two steels were used here, C45 (C 0.45%) and 42CrMo4 steel (1%Cr, 0.45%C) with a pure copper foil as the braze material. The experiments were conducted at 1100 °C in an inert gas environment. The results show good wettability and joint formation observed between the substrates. Dissolution of steel grain boundary by copper and the immediate grain separation were observed at the interface. Grooving of the grain boundaries and subsequent channel formation filled with liquid copper was achieved as evident from SEM-EDS micrographs. Besides the microstructure of the joint, penetration depth is also measured as function of time. Depth of penetration is seen varying as function of cube root of holding time

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The objective of our work is to improve the mechanical stiffness of fiber reinforced laminates. The stiffness can be characterized by flexural and tensile moduli or their derivation. We applied design of experiments (DOE) to achieve our goals, because to solve the existing analytical and numerical models is complicated.We examined the effects of the following parameters: a) composition of reinforce materials (solely carbon, or carbon and glass combination), b) modulus of resin, c) mass ratio of resin-reinforcement, d) order of layers.The samples manufactured on the basis of DOE were investigated mechanically (flexural and tensile moduli measurements) and morphologically (scanning electron microscopy). We compared the measured modulus results to calculated values.

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