Fruit extract ofMorinda citrifolia(Noni), a medicinal plant used in many neuro protective ayurvedic preparations was evaluated for its protective effect against seizures induced by Maximal Electro Shock (MES) method in rats. A daily dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg of the extract was administered to the animals for 15 days, after which seizures were induced by maximum electro shock method and the duration of various phases of epileptic attacks were recorded and compared with the control animals. A significant (P<0.01 and P<0.001) reduction in the time taken for righting reflex (recovery) was noted in the experimental animals. The levels of biogenic amines such as dopamine, serotonin and nor-adrenaline in the forebrain region were also estimated and a significant level of restoration was opserved in the extract treated animals. Significant results were opserved in the estimated parameters thereby justifying the use of this medicinal plant in the treatment of epilepsy.
The study was designed to investigate the antiulcer activity of ethyl acetate extract of the fruits of Morinda citrifolia Linn (Rubiaceae) using different models of gastric and duodenal ulceration in rats. Gastric ulcers were induced by oral administration of ethanol, aspirin and by pyloric ligation and duodenal ulcers were induced by oral administration of cysteamine HCl. The extract was administered at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg orally 30 min prior to ulcer induction. Ranitidine (50 mg/kg) was used as a reference standard. The antiulcer activity was accessed by determining and comparing the ulcer index in the test group with that of the standard drug treated group. Gastric volume, total acid and free acid were estimated in the pylorus-ligated rats. M.citrifolia (400mg/kg) showed maximum inhibition of gastric acid, free acid and total acid to 53.54%, 52.55% and 30.30%, respectively. The ulcer index in the M.citrifolia treated animals was found to be significantly less in all the models compared to standard drug treated cases. The antiulcer activity of M.citrifolia was, however, less than that of ranitidine. The results suggest that M.citrifolia possesses significant antiulcer property which could be due to cytoprotective action of the drug or strengthening of gastric and duodenal mucosa with the enhancement of mucosal defence. Keywords: Morinda citrifolia; Antiulcer.© 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i2.1625
The aim of the present study is to investigate central nervous system (CNS) activity of the methanol extract of Pericarp of Sapindus emarginatus (Sapindaceae) in Swiss albino mice and Wistar albino rats. A daily dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg of the extract was administered to the animals for 15 days, after which various CNS experiments were recorded and compared with the control animals. General behavior, exploratory behavior, muscle relaxant activity cocaine induced hyperactivity and phenobarbitone sodium-induced sleeping time were studied. The results revealed that the methanol extract of Pericarp of Sapindus emarginatus at 100 and 200 mg/kg caused a significant reduction in the spontaneous activity (general behavioral profile), remarkable decrease in exploratory behavioral pattern (Y-maze and head dip test), a reduction in muscle relaxant activity (rotarod and traction tests), inhibition of cocaine induced hyperactivity and also significantly potentiated phenobarbitone sodium-induced sleeping time. The results suggest that methanol extract of Sapindus emarginatus exhibit CNS depressant activity in tested animal models.
Introduction Critically ill patients are predisposed to developing sleep disorders due to multiple factors like pre-existing sleep disorders, severe acute illness, sleep-altering medical interventions, and the disturbing intensive care unit (ICU) environment. In the current study, a multi-modality approach has been attempted to capture the different aspects of sleep disturbances, including insomnia (using ISI), daytime sleepiness (using ESS), sleep quality (using PSQI), sleep architecture, and SDB (using PSG). Materials and Methods The eligible ARDS survivor patients were updated about the study's design prior to hospital discharge. At admission, data regarding demographic details, clinical history, etiology of ARDS, and PaO 2 /FiO 2 (P/F) ratio at presentation, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores was collected. All enrolled patients were evaluated twice (early-within 7 days of admission and late-after 6 weeks of discharge) by the Richards–Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ), Insomnia severity index (ISI), and level 1 PSG. Additionally, ESS questionnaire and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were also recorded in late evaluation. Abnormal sleep was defined if one or more of the following characteristics met: ISI > 15, ESS > 10, global PSQI > 5, AHI ≥ 5 events/h. Results Thirty patients were recruited out of the total of 88 ARDS patients screened at admission. The median (IQR) PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio and APACHE II scores were 176 (151–191.5) and 14 (14–16), respectively. The median (IQR) duration of stay in the ICU was 10 (7.3–19.5) days. The median RCSQ score in the early and late evaluation was 42 and 69, respectively. The mean ISI score in the early evaluation was 16.67 ± 4.72, which decreased to 11.70 ± 5.03 in late evaluation ( p < 0.05). ISI score > 15 (clinical insomnia) was found in 18 out of 30 subjects (60%) in early evaluation and 11 out of 30 (36%) in late evaluation. During the early evaluation, sleep efficiency was low (median 59.9% and predominantly N1 and N2) which improved in late evaluation (median 80.6%). Of the 30 patients, only 4 had AHI > 5 in early evaluation and none in late evaluation. Neither of P/F ratio, SOFA, and APACHE II scores did correlate with ICU events in the early and late evaluations. Regression analysis showed subjects with ICU stay more than 10 days, duration of IMV more than 7 days, Fentanyl more than 7 mg, duration of sedative use more than 7 days was independently associated with poor objective sleep quality (low sleep efficiency, low TST and high arousal index) during the early and late evaluations after ICU discharge compared to counterparts ( p value < 0.05). Conclusion We conclude that sleep quality in ARDS survivors was poo...
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and one of the leading causes of death. The Aim and objective of the present study is to perform in-silico docking analysis of the major active constituents identified in three Indian medicinal plants namely Convolvulus pluricaulis, Coriandrum sativum and Panax ginseng for its effectiveness against the targets of Alzheimer Disease. In-silico docking analysis was performed by Molegro Virtual Docker (MVD-2010, 4.2.0) and Schrodinger Mestro (V 11.8). In addition, Drug likeness property, pharmacokinetics (ADME) and safety profile prediction studies were performed to identify the best drug candidates using Qikpro and Toxicity Estimation Software Tool (T.E.S.T). The target for Alzheimer Disease is Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase. The X-ray crystal co-ordinates of AChE (PDB ID: 4bdt) and BChE (PDB ID: 6eqq) obtained from the Protein Data Bank. The phytoconstituents of three medicinal plants were retrieved from PubChem compound database in mol format. The standard drugs Donepezil, Rivastigmine, Galantamine, Memantine was obtained from the drug bank in .mol format for comparison. It was analysed from the parameters of docking that the phytoconstituents from Panax ginseng showed better anti-Alzheimer activity compared to that of the standard drugs. Based on the research findings, further studies can be performed in in-vitro & in-vivo animal models of Alzheimer’s disease to establish the efficacy of promising phytoconstituents.
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