In recent years, there has been an increasing interest around agricultural science and practice in conservation tillage systems that are compatible with sustainable agriculture. The aim of this study was to assess the qualitative and quantitative changes in weed flora and soil seed bank under reduced tillage and no-till (direct sowing) in comparison with traditional ploughing. In the crop rotation: pea/rape—winter wheat—winter wheat the number and dry weight of weeds increased with the simplification of tillage. The seed bank was the largest under direct sowing and about three times smaller in traditional ploughing. Under direct sowing, most weed seeds were accumulated in the top soil layer 0–5 cm, while in the ploughing system most weed seeds occurred in deeper layers: 5–10 and 10–20 cm. In the reduced and no-till systems, a greater percentage of perennial and invasive species, such as Conyza canadensis L., was observed. The results show that it is possible to maintain weed infestation in the no-till system at a level that does not significantly affect winter wheat yield and does not pose a threat of perennial and invasive weeds when effective herbicide protection is applied.

A b s t r a c t An experiment, conducted over the period [2008][2009][2010], evaluated the effect of tillage system on the occurrence and species composition of anthropophytes in winter wheat, maize and spring wheat. Regardless of crop plant and tillage system, anthropophytes (73.9%), represented by archaeophytes and kenophytes, were the main component of the flora in the crops studied, whereas apophytes accounted for the remaining 26.1%. Most archaeophytes (13 species) were found in the spring wheat crop under no-tillage, while their lowest number (6 species) occurred in the spring wheat crop under conventional tillage. The only kenophyte, Conyza canadensis, was found to occur in the spring wheat and maize crops in the no-tillage system. The following taxa were dominant species among archeophytes: Geranium pusillum, Anthemis arvensis, and Viola arvensis (regardless of tillage system and crop plant), Anthemis arvensis (in spring wheat -conventional tillage), Echinochloa crus-galli and Setaria glauca (in maize -reduced tillage and no-tillage), Chenopodium album (in maize -no-tillage) as well as Apera spica-venti, Anthemis arvensis and Papaver rhoeas (in winter wheat -no-tillage).

The aim of the research was the estimation of wheat and rapeseed straw usefulness for fertilising plants in arable farming. The subject matter of the study was the analysis of the influence of soil fertilisation with wheat and rapeseed straw on the yield and changes in the content of phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium in winter wheat grain cultivars: Finezja and Ludwig. The static field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Experiment Station, Grabów, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation -State Research Institute (51°21′ N, 21°40′ E) in the years 2008-2010 on Haplic Luvisol. The effect of fertilisation with wheat and rapeseed straw did not have a significant effect on grain yield of winter wheat cultivars 'Finezja' and 'Ludwig'. The introduction of complementary nitrogen fertilisation caused an increase in grain yield of wheat cultivar Ludwig. Organic fertilisation with wheat and rapeseed straw as well as complementary nitrogen fertilisation did not significantly differentiate the content of phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium in winter wheat grain cultivars 'Finezja' and 'Ludwig'.

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W pracy dokonano oceny zmian w strukturze produkcji roślinnej i poziomu intensywności nawożenia mineralnego NPK oraz bilansu azotu brutto w latach 2012-2020 i w perspektywie roku 2030. W opracowaniu przyjęto szereg założeń prognostycznych uwzględniających możliwość realizacji celów koncepcji EZŁ w uwarunkowaniach przyrodniczo-produkcyjnych polskiego rolnictwa. Z analizy wynika, że w perspektywie 2030 roku należy oczekiwać obniżenia intensywności nawożenia i całkowitej produkcji roślinnej, przy wzroście powierzchni upraw ekologicznych, z jednoczesną poprawą efektywności wykorzystania składników nawozowych, co powinno prowadzić do zmniejszenia presji ze strony biogenów (azotu) na środowisko.