Mast cells (MC) have been associated with diverse human cancers. The primary function of these cells is to store and release a number of biologically active mediators, including the serine proteases tryptase and chymase. These proteases have been closely related with angiogenesis and tumor invasion, two critical steps during tumor progression. In the present work we analyzed the presence of MC in human uterine cervix from both normal and neoplastic tissues by using metachromatic, immunohistochemical, and enzymohistochemical staining. Tryptase-positive (MCT)- and tryptase/chymase-positive (MCTC)-mast cells were found in both normal and neoplastic tissues. The phenotype predominantly expressed in normal tissues as well as in benign and malignant lesions of the uterine cervix was the MCT. The total number of MC remained constant through the different stages of malignant transformation (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1-3) but a significant increase in the invasive carcinoma (IC) group was observed, this increase being mainly due to the MCT phenotype. Furthermore, we detected abundant MCT but not MCTC infiltrating tumors in sections of IC. Regarding the potent angiogenic properties described for tryptase, these findings suggest that in advanced stages of malignancy the significant number of MCT distributed within the cervical tissues could provide an effective mechanism to create the abundantly vascularized microenvironment required for tumor cells to proliferate and disseminate.
Cabanillas-Saez A, Schalper JA, Nicovani SM, Rudolph MI. Characterization of mast cells according to their content of tryptase and chymase in normal and neoplastic human uterine cervix. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2002;12:92-98.Mast cells (MC) have been associated with diverse human cancers. The primary function of these cells is to store and release a number of biologically active mediators, including the serine proteases tryptase and chymase. These proteases have been closely related with angiogenesis and tumor invasion, two critical steps during tumor progression. In the present work we analyzed the presence of MC in human uterine cervix from both normal and neoplastic tissues by using metachromatic, immunohistochemical, and enzymohistochemical staining. Tryptasepositive (MC T )-and tryptase/chymase-positive (MC TC )-mast cells were found in both normal and neoplastic tissues. The phenotype predominantly expressed in normal tissues as well as in benign and malignant lesions of the uterine cervix was the MC T . The total number of MC remained constant through the different stages of malignant transformation (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1-3) but a significant increase in the invasive carcinoma (IC) group was observed, this increase being mainly due to the MC T phenotype. Furthermore, we detected abundant MC T but not MC TC infiltrating tumors in sections of IC. Regarding the potent angiogenic properties described for tryptase, these findings suggest that in advanced stages of malignancy the significant number of MC T distributed within the cervical tissues could provide an effective mechanism to create the abundantly vascularized microenvironment required for tumor cells to proliferate and disseminate.
Thermography can be used as a method of diagnosing breast masses. We report our results of its use in the differential diagnosis of fibroadenoma from phylloides tumours (n = 47 and 20 respectively). Thermographic resolution (Th) and the difference in temperature between the tumour and a similar zone in the contralateral breast (delta 2) were compared. Thermograms were class Th1 (with a similar thermal pattern in both breasts without hypervascularization or hot points) and Th2 (with hypervascularization or a hot area with a thermal difference with the same area in the opposite breast (delta 2) of less than 2 degrees C) in most (95.7 per cent) of the patients with fibroadenoma and were class Th5 (having one or more pathological sign) in 85 per cent of the patients with phylloides tumours. Patients with phylloides tumours had a mean delta 2 of 2.99 degrees C whereas most of the patients with a fibroadenoma showed no difference in temperature. Their mean delta 2 was 0.2 degrees C (P less than 0.0005). We conclude that thermography helps in differential diagnosis between a fibroadenoma and a phylloides tumour.
Las Higueras Talcahuano. Chile.Atherosclerosis (AS) is a progressive illness with onset in childhood, and the main cause of death in Western civilization. AS earliest lesions are usually seen in children under one year of age and small children, manifesting as a lesion called fat grooves. Aim: To find and characterize anatomically and pathologically AS lesions in fetuses and newborns. Methods: We studied 13 aortas obtained from autopsies; each aorta was opened lengthwise and examined macroscopically, fixed in 10% formaline and stained with hematoxylin and VanGieson. They were then examined microscopically. Some sections with lesions were fixed in 3% glutaraldehyde for scanning or transmission electronic microscopy. Macroscopic studies: number of lesions, localization, size, color, prominence or not and degree of delimitation. Microscopic studies: type and ultrastructural characterization of AS lesions. Results: Six out of 13 aortas presented lesions (46%); 9 were gray lesions, 100% were well-defined, 9 lesions were not elevated; 91% measured less than 4 mm. The most frequent localization was in abdominal aorta (64%). The great majority of the opposing lesions corresponded to fat groove, some were incipient fibrous plaque. These lesions did not differ from those described in adults either in conventional microscopy or ultrastructure. Conclusion: It is worthwhile mentioning the large amount of AS lesions in the studied aortas. We believe that AS lesions could be a non-pathological process present in arteries of medium and great caliber in human beings at early stages in life. Results: Of the total results, 97.9 % were S, and 94% of these x AP. According to the study type, 28.3% were A, 0,27% B, and 67% AB. 55% of the neonates were male. There were 1.6 lesions by patient; 30% had DA, 21% A, 18% LBW, 18% UI, 4% SI, 3% T, 1% IH, and 5% O. Asphyxia predominated among infants older than 37 gestational weeks and above 2500 g; 52% was secondary to lung disease. DA were more frequent among infants older than 29 gestational weeks, with a birth weight above 1000 g, and who died during the first hour of life. UI were more frequent at the highest and lowest gestational ages and birth weights, and from the first postnatal week on; 82% of UI involved the respiratory system. The most frequent SI were candidiasis and streptococcal infections. Hyaline Membrane Disease and Intraventricular Hemorrhage were more frequent in LBW. 67% of T were bronchopulmonary dysplasias. Conclusions: Autopsy is a reliable method to detect lesions associated with neonatal death, as well as a useful tool for assistance surveillance. Study types: A: autopsy and placental examination; B: external examination of the fetus and placenta; AB: only autopsy. According to birth weight, the patients were classified as Յ 1000g, 1001 -1500 g, 1501 -2500 g, and Ն 2501 g; according to gestational age (GA), as Յ 19 weeks (w), 20 -27 w, 28 -36 w, and Ն 36 w. Results: Of the total results, 95.6 % were S, and 94.8 % of these were S x AP. 87.2% were study type A, 4.7 % t...
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