Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is a benign process primarily affecting young men. Despite its low incidence, spontaneous pneumomediastinum should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute chest pain because it requires a high index of suspicion. Patients with spontaneous pneumomediastinum respond well to medical treatment, with no recurrence in the great majority of cases.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

For histologically benign tumors, because of the risk of recurrence and malignant transformation, complete surgical resection is indicated and long-term follow-up is recommended in all patients. For malignant cases, complete surgical resection may be insufficient for the cure: further study should be performed to identify reliable prognostic factors to indicate and evaluate the effectiveness of systemic treatment.

Bilateral upper thoracic sympathicolysis is followed by redistribution of body perspiration, with a clear decrease in the zones regulated by mental or emotional stimuli, and an increase in the areas regulated by environmental stimuli, though we are unable to establish the etiology of this redistribution.

No abstract