Transmission systems are an essential link between the producers and consumers of electric power in the United States and other countries. As one means of achieving a greater level of competition in the U.S. electric Power supply, Congress passed the Energy Policy Act of 1992 that grants increased transmission access to all utilities and many non-utility generators. The many issues associated with this increased access have been discussed previously by the IEEE Task Force on Transmission Access [I]; the task force also has produced a comprehensive bibliography of work related to these issues [2]. Because of this increased access to transmission facilities by non-owners, there is a growing need to identify the direct and indirect costs of transmission services h order to control these costs and price unbundled transmission services appropriately. In recognition of this fact, the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) undertook Research Project RP3216-1, entitled "Development of a Comprehensive Framework for Analyzing Transmission Services and Evaluating Their Costs." The full results of this research are presented in a two-volume EPRP report [3].This gaper describes the transmission costing framework and three applications of the framework to analyzing transmission costing issues. The framework proceeds in three steps: (1) define transmission services; (2) identify transmission service costs; and (3) calculate transmission costs. Following a detailed description of each of these steps, the paper discusses how the Framework might be applied to three broad issue areas including: 96 WM 332-7 PWRS A paper recommended and approved by the IEEE Power System Engineering
To assist the Public Service Commission of the District of Columbia in overseeing the construction plans of the Potomac Electric Power Company, Resource Planning Associates, Inc. (on behalf of the Commission staff) independently developed long-term capital expansion plans for the utility. Such decisions in this extremely capital-intensive industry have effects for up to 50 years and involve billions of dollars in initial expenditures and several times more in future retail rates. In a publicly scrutinized, trial-like, adversary situation, in spite of the inherent uncertainties in and the complexities of the issues being addressed, our analysis showed how substantial savings could be achieved (as much as 15 billion dollars depending upon the future values of uncertain and uncontrollable variables), and convinced the Commission that their action was necessary. To do this we used state-of-the-art methods for generation planning and a new framework for strategic planning under uncertainty.
Most integer programming algorithms involve at least some binary data handling, e.g., set membership, intersection, and union. This paper presents some of the important concerns involved in implementation. When the algorithms are coded for the computer an effort is sometimes made to take advantage of the basic binary configuration of the digital computer to aid in the storage and handling of such data. In the past this has meant the use of assembly language subroutines. This paper demonstrates a procedure for achieving the same objectives in the main program using FORTRAN. The obvious advantage of the procedure is the elimination of the several storage and retrieval operations for register values as the program shifts control from the main routine to the subroutine and back again. Of particular interest are (1) the use of the computer arithmetic to achieve the relative complement operation and (2) the importance of additional savings due to overhead reduction when bit storage is used. Computational results are presented comparing various regimes for storing and handling binary data. In addition, an analytic procedure for comparing the storage requirements and execution times of different data structures is demonstrated for a particular integer programming application. This paper should serve as a useful tutorial for anyone developing and/or implementing integer programming algorithms.
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