The emotion-based domains of impulsivity, positive and negative urgency, are facets that have garnered attention due to their associations with substance use, and mindfulness based strategies have shown promise in reducing substance use in adults. The aim of the current study was to examine relations among urgency, mindfulness, and substance use in adolescence. Cross-sectional data were collected from students (N = 1,051) at a large, private high school in the Pacific Northwest. Both positive and negative urgency were uniquely associated with greater likelihood of lifetime and current alcohol use; only positive urgency predicted lifetime marijuana use. Mindfulness was associated with a lower likelihood of lifetime alcohol or marijuana use. Interactions between urgency and mindfulness were not supported. Our findings highlight the need to explore relations among baseline mindfulness, skills based mindfulness, and personality in adolescent alcohol and other drug use.

Objective:The relation between social anxiety and alcohol consumption suggests aspects of both risk and protection, but most research has focused on late adolescents and emerging adults. Method: We investigated the synergistic impact of social anxiety, a need for affi liation with others, and perceived peer alcohol use on drinking in a sample of more than 1,500 early adolescents from southern California (48% girls). Via school-wide surveys, middle school students completed the Social Anxiety Scale for Children-Revised, a modifi ed version of the Interpersonal Orientation Scale, as well as measures of perceived peer drinking and self-reported lifetime and current drinking. Results: For socially anxious youths, high levels of perceived peer use in conjunction with high levels of affi liation need was associated with greater alcohol use on average and more frequent episodic drinking. Specifi c to heavy episodic drinking, the interaction of social anxiety and perceived peer drinking seemed to affect girls and boys differentially. Sex differences emerged for the moderation of social anxiety's infl uence on drinking initiation by perceived peer infl uence. Conclusions: These fi ndings suggest that alcohol-related risks associated with social anxiety might be gender specifi c and more important in earlier stages of alcohol use than previously believed. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 72, 61-69, 2011)

The red meat allergy caused by tick bites are increasing worldwide. It is known that IgE epitope of major red meat allergens is galactose-1,3-galactose (a-Gal). Thus, the patients with red meat allergy have a high risk to develop anaphylaxis to taking cetuximab that chimeratype monoclonal antineoplastic drug, because it also contains a-Gal, and its cross-reaction. The a-Gal specific IgE (sIgE) test by CAP-fluoro-enzyme immunoassay (FEIA) is one of the most sensitive examination to identify the patients with red meat allergy. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of sensitization against a-Gal in Shimane prefecture that the endemic area of Japanese spotted fever and Miyagi prefecture that the area with lowincidence of Japanese spotted fever. We enrolled 200 patients from