There is evidence to suggest sex differences exists in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) clinical expression. We investigated sex differences in health status perception, dyspnoea and physical activity, and factors that explain these differences using an epidemiological sample of subjects with and without COPD.PLATINO is a cross-sectional, population-based study. We defined COPD as post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity ratio ,0.70, and evaluated health status perception (Short Form (SF)-12 questionnaire) and dyspnoea (Medical Research Council scale).Among 5,314 subjects, 759 (362 females) had COPD and 4,555 (2,850 females) did not. In general, females reported more dyspnoea and physical limitation than males. 54% of females without COPD reported a dyspnoea score o2 versus 35% of males. A similar trend was observed in females with COPD (63% versus 44%). In the entire study population, female sex was a factor explaining dyspnoea (OR 1.60, 95%CI 1.40-1.84) and SF-12 physical score (OR -1.13, 95%CI -1.56--0.71). 40% of females versus 28% of males without COPD reported their general health status as fair-to-poor. Females with COPD showed a similar trend (41% versus 34%). Distribution of COPD severity was similar between sexes, but currently smoking females had more severe COPD than currently smoking males.There are important sex differences in the impact that COPD has on the perception of dyspnoea, health status and physical activity limitation.
Objective: To translate the Breathing Problems Questionnaire (BPQ) into Portuguese and adapt it to the Brazilian culture, as well as to evaluate its reproducibility in patients with COPD. Methods: After the BPQ had been translated and adapted to the Brazilian culture, it was administered to a subgroup of 8 patients in order to identify their uncertainties and difficulties. The questionnaire was reviewed by an expert committee, and its final version was arrived at. A second translator back-translated the final version into English, which was sent to the original author in order to verify that the original meaning of the questionnaire had been maintained. After the approval of the original author, the final Portuguese-language version of the questionnaire was administered to 50 patients with COPD, in order to evaluate its reproducibility. Results: The mean response time was 9.5 min. Of the 50 patients, 21 were female and 29 were male. The mean age was 65.8 ± 7.5 years. Most of the patients were classified as having moderate COPD (29.16%) or severe COPD (52%). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the total score was 0.94. The ICCs for the eleven BPQ domains and its two subscales were also above 0.70. Moderate correlations were found between the BPQ domains and subscales. Conclusions: The translation and cultural adaptation of the BPQ for use in Brazil was deemed appropriate, because the patients could easily understand and answer the questions. In addition, the Brazilian version of the BPQ questionnaire was found to be reliable, showing good reproducibility.Keywords: Pulmonary disease; chronic obstructive; Quality of life; Reproducibility of results. ResumoObjetivo: Traduzir para o português e adaptar para a cultura brasileira o Breathing Problems Questionnaire (BPQ, questionário para problemas respiratórios), assim como avaliar a sua reprodutibilidade em pacientes com DPOC. Métodos: Após a tradução e a adaptação do BPQ para a cultura brasileira por um tradutor, a primeira versão foi aplicada em oito pacientes visando conhecer suas dúvidas e dificuldades. O questionário foi analisado por uma comissão de especialistas e sua versão final foi definida. Foi realizada a retrotradução por um segundo tradutor, que foi enviada para o autor original com intuito de assegurar o sentido original do questionário. Após a aprovação final do autor, 50 pacientes portadores de DPOC responderam o BPQ para avaliar sua reprodutibilidade. Resultados: O tempo médio de resposta foi 9,5 min. Dos 50 pacientes, 21 eram do sexo feminino e 29 do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 65,8 ± 7,5 anos. A maioria foi classificada com DPOC moderada (29,16%) e grave (52%). O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI) para o escore total foi de 0,94. Os onze domínios do BPQ e as suas duas subescalas também tiveram valores de CCI acima de 0,70. Houve correlações moderadas entre os domínios e as subescalas do BPQ. Conclusões: A tradução e adaptação do BPQ para uso no Brasil foi adequada, pois os pacientes não apresentaram dificulda...
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