High-field-strength (1.5-1) MR imaging was used to evaluate 47 patients with definite multiple sclerosis and 42 neurologically normal control patients.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Dilated perivascular spaces have been shown to be a specific biomarker of cerebral small-vessel disease in young patients with dementia. Our aim was to examine the discriminative power of dilated cerebral perivascular spaces as biomarkers of small-vessel disease in a very elderly population of patients with dementia.

A new dual temporal resolution-based, high spatial resolution, pharmacokinetic parametric mapping method is describedimproved coverage and spatial resolution using dual injection dynamic contrast-enhanced (ICE-DICE) MRI. In a dualbolus dynamic contrast-enhanced-MRI acquisition protocol, a high temporal resolution prebolus is followed by a high spatial resolution main bolus to allow high spatial resolution parametric mapping for cerebral tumors. The measured plasma concentration curves from the dual-bolus data were used to reconstruct a high temporal resolution arterial input function. The new method reduces errors resulting from uncertainty in the temporal alignment of the arterial input function, tissue response function, and sampling grid. The technique provides high spatial resolution 3D pharmacokinetic maps (voxel size 1.0 3 1.0 3 2.0 mm 3 ) with whole brain coverage and greater parameter accuracy than that was possible with the conventional single temporal resolution methods. High spatial resolution imaging of brain lesions is highly desirable for small lesions and to support investigation of heterogeneity within pathological tissue and peripheral invasion at the interface between diseased and normal brain. The new method has the potential to be used to improve dynamic contrast-enhanced-MRI techniques in general. Magn Reson Med 68:452-462, 2012. V C 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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High-field strength (1.5 Tesla) magnetic resonance imaging in 15 patients with multiple and extensive white-matter lesions and clinically definite multiple sclerosis delineated a previously undescribed finding of abnormally decreased signal intensity on T2-weighted images in the thalamus and putamen. The decreased signal intensity (preferential decreased T2 relaxation time) is most likely to be related to abnormally increased iron accumulation causing local magnetic field heterogeneities.