Reduced signal intensity on MR images of thalamus and putamen in multiple sclerosis: increased iron content?

Drayer, Burton P.; Burger, Peter C.; Hurwitz, Barrie J.; Dawson, Deborah V.; Cain, J. R.

doi:10.2214/ajr.149.2.357

Cited by 143 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…We can interpret the positive correlation of MFC with the number of lesions, rather than the lesion volume, indicating that the number of multifocal MS lesions may be more representative of the extent or span of the disease than volume in these patients, though this also could be the result of the limited number of patients in our study. Our results that iron accumulates in the deep gray matter are supported by previous studies that were based on the analysis of T2 hypointensity in MS. 15,35 The positive correlation between the total number of lesions and MFC in the thalamus (Fig 2) suggests a connecting relationship between the lesions in the distal white matter and iron deposition in the thalamus. The thalamus is a large, central relay station for processing information throughout the brain, with clusters of discrete nuclei and multiple functional pathways connecting associative brain regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Quantitative Assessment of Iron Accumulation in the Deep Gray Matter of Multiple Sclerosis by Magnetic Field Correlation Imaging

Jensen²,

Lu³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Neuroradiology

130

118

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Quantitative Assessment of Iron Accumulation in the Deep Gray Matter of Multiple Sclerosis by Magnetic Field Correlation Imaging

Jensen²,

Lu³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Neuroradiology

130

118

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“…Hill and Switzer [24] demonstrated the distribution of iron was overlapped with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), enkephalin and lutenizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) in the rat brain. The increase of iron concentration in the brain was also detected in several neurological disorders, such as multiple sclerosis, Shy-drager syndrome, Parkinson's disease, and abnormal movement disorders [15,21,33,35]. It was widely accepted that iron generated oxygen free radicals, resulted in neurological cell death [32,36] and also disturbance of neuronal functions in human with age advanced [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes of Magnetic Resonance Imaging on the Brain in Beagle Dogs with Aging

Kimotsuki

Nagaoka

Yasuda

et al. 2005

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Age-associated changes of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on the brain were evaluated in 19 beagle dogs aged from 8-month-to 16-year-old. A significant correlation of the volume of lateral ventricle space was observed in the dogs with age advanced, however, no correlation was found between hippocampus size and the aging. The hypo-intensity areas on T2-weighted MRI were detected in globus pallidus and substantia nigra with a significant correlation of both intensity ratios to lateral ventricle with age advanced. These areas were coincided with the accumulation of iron in the slice of the brain with Perls' staining. In addition, hyperintensity area, suggesting perivascular demyelination with fluid-filled space, was also observed in white matter surrounding the lateral ventricle on T2-weighted MRI. These results suggested that age-associated changes of T2-weighted MRI were developed in the dog brain, especially in globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and white matter surrounding lateral ventricle, like as those reported in the human brain KEY WORDS: age-associated change, brain, canine, hypo-and hyper-intensity, MRI.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 67(10): 961-967, 2005 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used as a noninvasive and useful diagnostic technique for evaluating age related brain disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and dementia, indicating severe atrophy of the brain, hippocampus, amygdala, and temporal lobe, gray matter, and dilatation of ventricle space, and cortical sulci, [9,17,26,28,34]. However, age-associated similar changes of MRI was also observed in the clinically healthy human brain, indicating brain atrophy, dilatation of ventricle space and cortical sulci, hypo-intensity area in globus pallidus and substantia nigra, and hyper-intensity area in white matter [7,16,20,31]. In addition, age-associated pathological changes of the brain, including developments of senile plaque, decrease number of neuronal cell, deposit of lipofuscin, and activation of astrocyte, have also been well documented [8,12,23,38]. Therefore, it is necessary for diagnose of age related degenerative diseases to evaluate age-associated changes in the brain. Various age-associated changes were detected in aged dogs with occasionally abnormal behaviors [4,6,10,27,30], like as those reported in human [13]. Although MRI has been applied in veterinary clinics and experimental medicine, several reports were on clinical cases and few reports on age-associated changes in the dog brain [5,37]. This study deals with ageassociated changes in MRI on the brain, especially lateral ventricle space, hippocampus size, and hypo-and hyperintensity area, in beagle dogs with age advanced. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals:Clinically healthy 19 beagle dogs (8 male and 11 female), aged from 8-month-to 16-year-old, were used. All the dogs were bred, reared, and kept in Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd. under the condition of circumstance temperature at 22 ± 2°C. The air extraction was designed to be 10...

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“…More specifically, the magnetic susceptibility of brain tissue is not only determined by the paramagnetic contribution of iron-loaded ferritin, but also by the counteracting diamagnetic contribution of myelin, as it has only been noted most recently (19)(20)(21). We therefore H ypointensities in the basal ganglia of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are a frequent finding on T2-weighted images and have already been observed in the early days of clinical magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (1,2). While these T2 hypointensities can also be observed in healthy aging subjects, they appear more pronounced in patients with MS and are strongly associated with disease duration and severity (3).…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping in Multiple Sclerosis

Langkammer¹,

Tian²,

Khalil³

et al. 2013

Radiology

236

223

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Purpose:To apply quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) in the basal ganglia of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and relate the findings to R2* mapping with regard to the sensitivity for clinical and morphologic measures of disease severity. Materials and Methods:The local ethics committee approved this study, and all subjects gave written informed consent. Sixty-eight patients (26 with clinically isolated syndrome, 42 with relapsing-remitting MS) and 23 control subjects underwent 3-T magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Susceptibility and R2* maps were reconstructed from the same three-dimensional multiecho spoiled gradient-echo sequence. Mean susceptibilities and R2* rates were measured in the basal ganglia and were compared between different phenotypes of the disease (clinically isolated syndrome, MS) and the control subjects by using analysis of variance, and regressing analysis was used to identify independent predictors. Results:Compared with control subjects, patients with MS and clinically isolated syndrome had increased (more paramagnetic) magnetic susceptibilities in the basal ganglia. R2* mapping proved less sensitive than QSM regarding group differences. The strongest predictor of magnetic susceptibility was age. Susceptibilities were higher with increasing neurologic deficits (r = 0.34, P , .01) and lower with normalized volumes of gray matter (r = 20.35, P , .005) and the cortex (r = 20.35, P , .005). Conclusion:QSM provides superior sensitivity over R2* mapping in the detection of MS-related tissue changes in the basal ganglia. With QSM but not with R2* mapping, changes were already observed in patients with clinically isolated syndrome, which suggests that QSM can serve as a sensitive measure at the earliest stage of the disease.q RSNA, 2013

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Reduced signal intensity on MR images of thalamus and putamen in multiple sclerosis: increased iron content?

Abstract: High-field-strength (1.5-1) MR imaging was used to evaluate 47 patients with definite multiple sclerosis and 42 neurologically normal control patients.

Cited by 143 publications

References 19 publications

Quantitative Assessment of Iron Accumulation in the Deep Gray Matter of Multiple Sclerosis by Magnetic Field Correlation Imaging

Quantitative Assessment of Iron Accumulation in the Deep Gray Matter of Multiple Sclerosis by Magnetic Field Correlation Imaging

Changes of Magnetic Resonance Imaging on the Brain in Beagle Dogs with Aging

Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping in Multiple Sclerosis

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