51,1; 17,9; 190,5; 280,4 e -12,0 para P120; 128,6; 47,2; 695,7; 932,4 e -25,9 para P205; 435,9; 32,2; 2934,0; 3604,9 e -27,4 para P365; 607,9; 177,7; 5637,7; 6602,5 e -117,6 para P550. Os valores de herdabilidades direta encontram-se na faixa de 0,09 a 0,18; herdabilidade materna variaram de 0,01 a 0,06, correlação direta materna entre -0,23 a -0,36 e o efeito de ambiente permanente igual a 0,05 a 0,12. As estimativas das tendências genéticas, direta materna, e ambientais no período de 1975 a 2001 foram 10,4; -1,6 e 18,4 kg para P120; 16,6; -2,8 e 23,0 kg P205; 21,7; -1,3 e 23,6 kg para P365; 25,5; -3,6 e -8,1 kg para P550, respectivamente. As tendências genéticas diretas foram positivas e as maternas pequenas e negativas. O desempenho materno tem influencia importante sobre os pesos aos 120 e 205 dias de idade e esse baixo valor obtido sugere que se deve considerar para este efeito nos programas de melhoramento, mesmo se tendo correlação direta materna adversa. SUMMARY

Genetic variation at seven red blood cell alloantigen, blood group loci and 10 biochemical genetic loci was examined in 102 Pantaneiro horses from the Pantanal region of Brazil and compared to that of other domestic horse breeds. Measures of both individual genic variation and populational genetic diversity within the Pantaneiro were near the average for domestic horse breeds. From the standpoint of genetic conservation there is no immediate concern for loss of variation within the Pantaneiro. Analysis of genetic relationship showed that the Pantaneiro was clearly of Iberian Peninsula descent and that it was most closely related to other Brazilian breeds.
Examinou-se a variação genética de 102 cavalos Pantaneiros da região do Pantanal, Brasil, usando sete locos de grupos sanguíneos e 10 locos genéticos bioquímicos. As medidas de variação genética individual e diversidade genética populacional dentro da população de cavalos Pantaneiros foram próximas da média encontrada para as raças de cavalos domésticos. Do ponto de vista de conservação genética, não há preocupação imediata com relação à perda de variação dentro da raça. Análises das relações genéticas mostraram claramente que o cavalo Pantaneiro descende de cavalos da península Ibérica e que ele é estreitamente relacionado com as demais raças brasileiras

-The objective of this work was to characterize Pantaneiro cattle genetically through its paternal ancestry by the morphology of the Y chromosome, whether submetacentric or acrocentric, as well as to identify the maternal ancestry through mitochondrial DNA. The karyotype and mitochondrial DNA of 12 bulls of Pantaneiro breed were analyzed. The Y chromosome was analyzed in lymphocyte metaphases and the mitochondrial DNA by diagnosing its haplotype (Bos taurus and Bos indicus). Among Pantaneiro animals analyzed three had a taurine (submetacentric) Y and nine had a zebuine (acrocentric) Y chromosome, suggesting breed contamination by Zebu cattle, once Pantaneiro is considered to be of European origin. The mitochondrial DNA was exclusively of taurine origin, indicating that the participation of zebuines in the formation of the breed occurred entirely through the paternal line.

-The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic diversity of Brazilian Pantaneiro horse by microsatellite markers, investigate the effect of genetic bottlenecks and estimate genetic differentiation among four horse breeds. Genetic variation was estimated through allele frequencies and mean breed heterozygosity. Nei´s genetic distances among the breeds Pantaneiro, Thoroughbred, Arabian, Spanish Pure Breed (Andalusian), and Uruguay Creole were calculated, and it was used to construct an UPGMA dendrogram. Clustering at different K values was calculated to infer population structure and assign individuals to populations. Nei´s distances showed a minimum distance between Pantaneiro horse and Spanish Pure Breed (0.228), and similar distances from Spanish Pure Breed to Thoroughbred and to Arabian (0.355 and 0.332). It was observed a great level of diversity, clear distance from Pantaneiro horse to other breeds, and genetic uniformity within breed. It was verified a certain level of substructure of Pantaneiro horse showing no influences from the other studied breeds.Index terms: Equus caballus, animal conservation, molecular markers, microsatellites, genetic resources conservation. Diversidade genética do cavalo Pantaneiro e relações com outras raças de eqüinosResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a variabilidade genética do cavalo Pantaneiro, por meio de marcadores microssatélites, investigar o efeito genético de "bottlenecks" e estimar a variação genética entre quatro raças de cavalo. A diversidade genética foi estimada por meio da freqüência de alelos e da média de heterozigosidade por raças. A distância genética de Nei foi calculada para as raças Pantaneiro, Puro Sangue Inglês, Árabe, Puro Sangue Espanhol e Crioulo Uruguaio. O agrupamento em diferentes valores de K foi calculado para inferir a estrutura da população e determinar indivíduos às populações. A distância de Nei mostrou distância mínima entre o cavalo Pantaneiro e o Puro Sangue Espanhol (0,228), e entre o Puro Sangue Espanhol e o Puro Sangue Inglês e o Árabe (0,355 e 0,332, respectivamente). Foi observada grande diversidade genética dentro da raça Pantaneiro, evidente distância desta raça em relação às demais raças estudadas, e uniformidade genética dentro da raça. Verificou-se certo nível de subestruturação no cavalo Pantaneiro, sem demonstrar influência das outras raças estudadas.

-This study was undertaken to verify major issues present in the discourse of cattle farmers when discussing the use of artificial insemination (AI). Seventy-one beef and dairy cattle farmers in the state of Goiás, Brazil, were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires during AI training courses in 2010 and 2011. Data analyses were done using the classic method of textual speech content analysis, performing the pre-analytical, analytical and inferential stages. The written questions were separated in elementary context units (ECU) and sorted into similar thematic groups. These groups originated categories and subcategories, which were nominated based on an a posteriori criteria. Overall, personal motivation was the main issue characterizing discourse by farmers about adoption of AI. This motivation stems from the strong points (highlights) and positive expectations AI offers. The positive expectations were mainly related to perceptions of farmers of animal phenotype improvement rather than to the financial features of cattle production. Basic necessity was the second major issue, with emphasis on work force, infrastructure and animal handling, followed by social influence, with eminence of the institutions and people involved with AI and with the everyday life of cattle farmers. The little emphasis on human resource management and on the use of scientific knowledge may have affected the impact of AI over the years, explaining discreet indices of adoption of AI in Brazil.