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Visual recognition memory was examined in 310 normal adults (age range 18-91) and 60 patients with unilateral vascular lesions (30 right, 30 left) using the Continuous Visual Memory Test (CVMT). Significant age-related differences were found for both acquisition and delayed phases of the CVMT, with older subjects performing lower on all variables. Data from clinical groups revealed that both patients with left-hemisphere (LCVA) and right-hemisphere (RCVA) lesions performed below age-matched controls. However, RCVA patients performed significantly worse than LCVA patients. Data generally supported the double-dissociation hypothesis, with a majority of RCVA patients exhibiting impaired visual memory but preserved verbal memory, and vice versa for LCVA patients. Results also suggested that the CVMT Delayed task was less susceptible to potentially confounding effects of visual-spatial and verbal ability than was the acquisition phase.

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This study provided a normative data base for a Delayed Recall procedure using the Visual Reproduction subtestfrom Form I of the Wechsler Memory Scale and examined the test's clinical sensitivity in four groups of patients . Normative data were based on 255 neurologically normal adults (age range 18-91). Clinical groups included patients with severe head trauma (n = 34), left hemisphere CVA (n = 13), right hemisphere CVA (n = 43), and Alzheimer's Disease (n = 13). Analysis of normative data revealed significant age related differences, with older subjects performing lower on both Immediate and Delayed Recall tasks. Group data revealed that patients in all four clinical groups performed significantly below age matched controls. Further analyses revealed that Visual Reproduction scores correlated positively with measures of visual-spatial ability and verbal memory, as well as with other visual memory measures.

This study investigated gender effects on verbal and visual memory performance in normal adults (age range 18-91 years). The subjects were 140 volunteers (70 male, 70 female). Individuals in each male-female pair were matched within three years on age and two years on education. Shipley Vocabulary scores for the groups also were equivalent. Subjects were administered the Continuous Visual Memory Test (CVMT), Visual Reproduction subtest (VR), Verbal Selective Reminding Test (VSRT), and Expanded Paired Associate Test (EPAT). Results revealed no differences between males and females for either the Acquisition or Delayed phases of the CVMT and EPAT. Differences for the Delayed VR task also were not significant. Male-female differences for the Immediate VR task were marginally significant, although the mean difference was less than one point, females consistently outperformed males on the VSRT, particularly in the Acquisition phase. Differences on the Delayed task, while statistically significant, averaged only 12 point.