: Nutrient digestibility and parameters of nutritive value for ruminants of two winter wheat (<I>Triticum aestivum</I> L.) cultivars were evaluated by means of an <I>in vivo</I> balance trial performed by the regression method on two groups of heifers with an increasing proportion of grain in DM (from 6 to 46%). Sulamit and Rapsodia, chosen on the basis of the <I>in vitro</I> test from a set of 25 cultivars (grown in 2002–2004) reached significant differences in DM fermentability <I>in vitro</I> (by 43.7–78.6 ml/g DM, <I>P</I> < 0.05). <I>In vivo</I> digestibility of crude protein, nitrogen-free extract, organic matter, parameters of N retention, energy concentrations (metabolisable energy, net energy for lactation and for fattening) and parameters in the PDI system (especially PDIE) increased along with the grain proportion in the diet. At the comparable proportion of grain in the ration the positive differences were significantly higher (<I>P</I> < 0.05) for Sulamit than Rapsodia.
Content of p-coumaric (PCA) and ferulic (FA) acid was determined by the HPLC method in fourteen forbs with a potential utilization as forages (range of nutrient content per kg DM: 100 to 244 g CP, 339 to 528 g NDF and 180-369 g ADF. PCA and FA were determined after methanol extraction in four fractions: free phenolic acids extracted into either, ester-bound phenolic acids after alkaline hydrolysis, glycoside-bound phenolic acids after acid hydrolysis, and cell wall-bound phenolic acids after alkaline hydrolysis of the solid residue after the extraction with methanol. Cell wall-bound phenols were quantitatively the most important fraction (50% of total PCA and 47% of total FA, respectively). The differences among plant species in total PCA plus FA control were significant (F-value 775, P < 0.01). The range of total phenol content was 31.3 to 416.3 mg/100 g DM, the overall mean was 84 mg/100 g DM. Content of phenolic acids was correlated neither with ADF, NDF or ADL content (R2 = 1-3%, P > 0.05) nor with CP degradability (R2 = 3% and R2 = 1% for PCA and FA, respectively, P > 0.05). 95.4% and 30.9% of total PCA, and 98.3% and 72.5% of total FA disappeared in the rumen from the sample of Glechoma hederacea (species with the highest phenol content) and from the sample of Galium aparine (species with low phenol content), respectively, within the four hour incubation interval. It is presumed that in comparison with grasses, PCA and FA concentration in tested forbs represents a much lower risk in potential ruminant nutrition.
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of organicfertilizers (cow manure + dung water; cattle slurry) applied in different annual doses of nitrogen (54, 84 and 120 kg/ha) by different intensities of grassland utilization (extensive – two cuts per year, medium intensive – three cuts per year, intensive – four cuts per year) on percentage of plant functional groups, dry matter yield, and forage quality. The study was performed on small-plot trial over 7 years on moderately moist grassland in the Czech Republic. The proportion of legumes was significantly higher in the treatments fertilized with cow manure + dung-water combined with medium intensive utilization and intensive utilization (10.2% and 10.3%, respectively). Fertilization significantly increased dry matter yields by 51.9% (cow manure + dung water) and 56% (cattle slurry) compared with unfertilized controls (4.81 t/ha). Grasslands fertilized with cattle slurry showed significantly higher concentration of crude protein (142.9 g/kg) compared with unfertilized (126.4 g/kg). Extensive grassland utilization significantly affected the increase of crude fibre concentration (up to 282.1 g/kg), and decrease of the energy value (up to 4.68 MJ g/kg of NEL). Organic matter digestibility was also negatively influenced by extensive grassland utilization (61.0%, 65.42% and 67.44% for the extensive, medium intensive and intensive utilization, respectively). Our findings suggested that medium intensive and intensive grassland utilization by the organic fertilization, which corresponded to annual doses of nitrogen of 84 and 120 kg/ha were the most suitable from the viewpoint of animal nutrition.
The aim of the study was to estimate the forage quality and mycotoxin contamination in the locality of Švýcárna (1304 m a.s.l.), where the cattle grazing a er the long-term management cessation was introduced on the pasture area of 3.6 ha in 2012. The pasture was divided into two grazing plots: P1 (Nar) (dominance of Nardus stricta) and P2 (Des) (dominance of Deschampsia cespitosa). Samples of forage were taken in June, July, August and September 2014 and 2015 from fi ve permanent plots situated in diff erent places of locality. Samples were analysed on the content of basic nutrients and macroand micro-elements. Further, the content of deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA) and T-2/ HT-2 toxin was determined using ELISA method. From June to September the mean content of crude fi bre signifi cantly (P < 0.05) increased (from 243.9 g.kg −1 DM to 331.7 g.kg −1 DM, respectively) and the content of crude protein signifi cantly (P < 0.05) decreased (from 166.9 g.kg −1 DM to 89.2 g.kg −1 DM, respectively). Mean concentration of DON in P1 (Nar) was numerically higher than in P2 (Des), being 715 and 620.63 μg.kg −1 , respectively (P < 0.05). Mean concentration of T-2/HT-2 toxin was 44.88 and 55.04 μg.kg −1 in P1 (Nar) and P2 (Des), respectively. The content of ZEA in P1 (Nar) of 54.65 μg.kg −1 was lower than in P2 (Des) being 78.72 μg.kg −1 (P < 0.05).
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