Highlights The historical development of the public COSMOS database is provided. COSMOS NG is a knowledge hub to share toxicity data and in silico tools. COSMOS NG has broad chemical coverage, with a focus on cosmetics. Chemical and toxicological data are quality assured through inclusion criteria. In silico TTC, profiling and read-across workflows are illustrated.

As an initial stage study to effectively apply Building Information Modeling (BIM) to railway infrastructure, this study proposes measures of Industry Foundation Classes (IFC)-based information modeling of railroad bridge, which is a representative structure of railway infrastructure, and provides conceptual methods to utilize this measure. For this, firstly, IFC additional entity reflecting functional properties of the railroad bridge was suggested. Secondly, information modeling and management methods of railroad bridges using the current version of IFC were proposed. Thirdly, a connection method of external information and IFC-based railroad model was presented. Here, the study utilized necessary information for calculation of carbon dioxide production. Lastly, the applicability of information model of railroad bridge based on BIM was examined by applying the abovementioned methodology to two types of actual railroad bridge.