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Thorpe. J. P. & i Solc-Cava. A. M. 1994. The use of allozymc clcctrophorcsis in invcrtclmtc systematics.-Zool. Scr. 2.3: 3-18. The rolc of enzyme clcctrophoresis is discussed as it applies to taxonomy and systcniatics. particularly of invertebratcs. Details arc given of mcthods for distinguishing ;ind itlcntifyingcryptic or sibling spccics and the diffcrcnt approachcs to sympatric and ;illop;itric populiitions iirc reviewed. Thc calculation and USCS of gcnctic distancc measures itre outlined. iis arc thc empirical rclationship of such mcasurcs to diffcrcnt lcvcls of taxonomic separation. I)il'licultics. tlr;iwhiicks and limitations of the tcchniquc arc explained together with the iiilviint:igcs. Evitlciicc for molecular clocks is outlincd briefly and their rolc in systematic studies is tliscussctl. iis arc methods of analysinggcnctic divergence data for systcmatic purposcs. Rcfcrcnccs to studies covering ;I wick range of invcrtcbrate taxa arc tabulated. J . P. Thorpe. I~c~purtrncnt oJ Environnientul und Evolutiotrury Biology. 7%~. Utrir.cwity oJ I.iwrpool. Port Erin Marine Luhorurory. Port Erin, Isle of Mun. U. K. A. M . S o l U i v a . Departurnento de GenPticu. Universihde F(&rul (10 Hio c k~ Jcrnciro, Rloco. A . CCS, Ciilu& Universithriu. Ilhu do Fundio, 21.941-Rio (ie> Junciro-HJ. Hrtrzil. lntroductionOnc of the aims of taxonomists is to identify individual animals or plants as belonging to a particular nominate species. This process usually involves the use of diagnostic characters, gradually separating the individuals from all other possible groups of organisms apart from the one to which they belong (called species, howcver these might be defined; see, for example. Brandon & Burian 1984; Otte 6t Endler 1989). Another aim is to classify organ-References Abreu-Grobois. F. A . B Bcardmorc. J. A. 10(,1. (iciictic c1i;iriicicrization and intra-generic rclationships of Arrcwtiu tttotticit Vcrrill iiiid A. urmiunu Gunthcr.-H~~lrohioli~~iii 212: 15 1-108. Allard. M. W. B Miyamoto. M. 1903. Testing phylogcnctic approiichcs with cmpirical data. as illustratcd with the p;irsimoiiy method.-Mol. Biol. Evol. 9: 778-786. Aquadro. C. F. B Avisc. J. C. 1082. An ;isscssiiiciit o f 'hicldcn' hctcrogcncity within clcctromorphs at thrcc loci iii tlccr mice.--Generics 102: 26'2x4. A r m . S. R. B SolC-Cava. A. M. 1091. Ciciictic cviiluiition o f thc taxonomic status of two varieties of the cosi1iopolit;iii ;iscid.iiin Rorryllus nigcr ( Ascidiacca: Botryllidac).-Hii,~./i~,ftt. .Sy.vr. Iicol. IY: Augustyn. C. J. B Cinint. W. S. 19x8. Biochcniic;il m r l iiiorpliological systematics of Loligo vulguris wt1guri.s I .nni;irck iind I,oli,qo iwlptris reynuudii Dorhigny nov. comb. (Ccph;ilopodii. Myopsih).-Mnlacologiu 29: 21.5-133. Autcm, M.. Salvidio. S.. Pastcur. N., Dcshruycrcs. I). A 1iiuI)icr. I.. 1985. Evidcncc of gcnctic isolations hctwccn the two sympatric forms of Alvincllu pompjunu (Pol ychacta. Ainphiirctitliic). iinnclitls colonizing active hydrothermal vcnh o f the li;is~ l'iicilic rise.-Avisc, J. C. 1974. The systematic va...

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