The inflammatory process, orchestrated against a variety of injurious stimuli, is composed of three inter-related phases; initiation, propagation and resolution. Understanding the interplay between these three phases and harnessing the beneficial properties of inflammation whilst preventing its damaging effects, will undoubtedly lead to the advent of much needed therapies, particularly in chronic disease states. The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is increasingly recognised as an important cell surface regulator of several key inflammatory molecules including IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α and IL-6. Moreover, as P2X7R-dependent cytokine production is driven by activating the inflammasome, antagonists of this receptor are likely to have therapeutic potential as novel anti-inflammatory therapies. The function of the P2X7R in inflammation, immunity and its potential role in disease will be reviewed and discussed.

No abstract

No abstract

SUMMARYPeristalsis in the chicken caecum was investigated by recording the responses of isolated segments of the caecum to either fluid distension using a modified Trendelenburg apparatus or by monitoring circular muscle activity following localized radial distension of adjacent areas.Raising the intraluminal pressure did not initiate peristalsis except in the presence of tetrodotoxin, local anaesthetics and high concentrations of phentolamine. The effect of these drugs was reversible. Localized distension generally produced either a small relaxation of the circular muscle or no response at all on both sides of the site of distension. After exposure to tetrodotoxin one, or more (usually several), rhythmic propogating contractions were initiated at the point of distension. These results suggest that intrinsic inhibitory neurones are present in the caecum and may be triggered by distention. The possible role of these inhibitory neurones in the emptying and filling of the caecae is considered.