Peristalsis and Antiperistalsis in the Chicken Caecum Are Myogenic

Hodgkiss, J. P.

doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1984.sp002777

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…13 A weakness in the EAS will then cause urge or evacuation. The exact effect of the contractions of different parts of EAS and other structures surrounding the anal canal needs to be investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sonographic Characteristics of Rectal Sensations in Healthy Females

Örnö¹,

Herbst²,

Maršál³

2007

Diseases of the Colon &Amp; Rectum

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sonographic Characteristics of Rectal Sensations in Healthy Females

Örnö¹,

Herbst²,

Maršál³

2007

Diseases of the Colon &Amp; Rectum

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Alternatively, since peristalsis in the chicken gut is myogenic (Bartlet, 1973;Mizuta et al 1980;Hodgkiss, 1984a), in order for peristalsis to occur some mechanism must exist to release the intestinal smooth muscle from the influence of enteric inhibitory neurones, which are known to be present (Bartlet, 1973;Hodgkiss, 1984a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence That Enteric Cholinergic Neurones Project Orally in the Intestinal Nerve of the Chicken

Hodgkiss

1984

Exp Physiol

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYThe intestinal nerve of the chicken, which runs almost the whole length of the small and large intestine, was studied in vitro, using suction electrodes for stimulation and recording. Lengths of nerve with side branches intact in the region of the ileum and rectum were used. The spike discharges that were evoked by supramaximal stimulation of a side branch were recorded at oral and aboral ends of the main nerve trunk. Exposure of the preparation to hexamethonium (550 /tM) reversibly abolished or greatly reduced the amplitude of the largest component of the evoked oral response in eighteen experiments, but was without effect on the evoked aboral response in ten experiments. No evidence of a nicotinic cholinergic component to the evoked aboral response was obtained at distances up to 12 5 mm along the nerve. There was also no evidence for a projection of post-ganglionic neurones along the stimulated side branch. The mean conduction velocity of the preganglionic nerve fibres was 0 25 + 0-02 m . s-1 while that for the post-ganglionic nerve fibres was 0 66+0-11 m. s-. These results suggest that both groups of nerve fibres are non-myelinated. 8-16 d after side branch transection, stimulation of the side branch evoked no oral response in five experiments and a hexamethonium-insensitive response in seven others. In a further four experiments a hexamethonium-sensitive component was seen, but it constituted only a small part of the evoked oral response. It is postulated that transection results in the degeneration of cholinergic nerves in the intestinal nerve. The results suggest that enteric cholinergic nerves form part of a pathway which projects orally along the ileal and rectal segments of the intestinal nerve.

show abstract

“…Our in vivo study showed a significant increase of the lactate-producing species Lactobacillus crispatus in the colon and the lactate-utilizing butyrate-producing species Anaerostipes butyraticus in the cecum. The lactic acid produced by L. crispatus in the colon may reach the cecum and become available for A. butyraticus due to antiperistalsis (55,56). The in vitro fermentation assay showed that reference strains of both species metabolized XOS, resulting in production of high concentrations of lactic acid by L. crispatus, which were thought to be consumed by the butyrate-producing bacterium A. butyraticus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Xylo-Oligosaccharides on Broiler Chicken Performance and Microbiota

Maesschalck

Eeckhaut

Maertens³

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

189

153

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

hIn broiler chickens, feed additives, including prebiotics, are widely used to improve gut health and to stimulate performance. Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) are hydrolytic degradation products of arabinoxylans that can be fermented by the gut microbiota. In the current study, we aimed to analyze the prebiotic properties of XOS when added to the broiler diet. Administration of XOS to chickens, in addition to a wheat-rye-based diet, significantly improved the feed conversion ratio. XOS significantly increased villus length in the ileum. It also significantly increased numbers of lactobacilli in the colon and Clostridium cluster XIVa in the ceca. Moreover, the number of gene copies encoding the key bacterial enzyme for butyrate production, butyryl-coenzyme A (butyryl-CoA):acetate CoA transferase, was significantly increased in the ceca of chickens administered XOS. In this group of chickens, at the species level, Lactobacillus crispatus and Anaerostipes butyraticus were significantly increased in abundance in the colon and cecum, respectively. In vitro fermentation of XOS revealed cross-feeding between L. crispatus and A. butyraticus. Lactate, produced by L. crispatus during XOS fermentation, was utilized by the butyrate-producing Anaerostipes species. These data show the beneficial effects of XOS on broiler performance when added to the feed, which potentially can be explained by stimulation of butyrate-producing bacteria through cross-feeding of lactate and subsequent effects of butyrate on gastrointestinal function. Cereal fibers are composed of carbohydrate polymers that are resistant to digestion in the small intestines of monogastric animals but are completely or partially fermented in the distal gut, and they are believed to stimulate gut health (1). The main components of the cereal fiber fraction are arabinoxylans (AX), pectins, resistant starch, cellulose, ␤-glucans, and lignin (2). Hydrolytic degradation of the heteropolymer AX results in a mixture of arabinose-substituted xylo-oligosaccharides (arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides) (AXOS) and nonsubstituted xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) (3). XOS are oligomers consisting of xylose units linked through ␤-(1-4) linkages (4). Selective fermentation of XOS has been shown to induce changes in both the composition and activity of the gastrointestinal microbiota, improving the health and well-being of the host. This suggests that XOS could fulfill the definition of a prebiotic (5). The production of lactate and shortchain fatty acids (SCFA), including butyrate, upon fermentation of XOS, has been confirmed in several in vitro and in vivo studies (3, 6). Lactate can stimulate butyrate production due to crossfeeding between lactate-producing bacteria and lactate-utilizing butyrate-producing bacteria from Clostridium cluster XIVa (7). Butyrate has proven beneficial effects on gastrointestinal function, since it has anti-inflammatory properties, fuels epithelial cells, and increases the intestinal epithelial integrity. In addition, butyrate has been shown to improve growth pe...

show abstract

Peristalsis and Antiperistalsis in the Chicken Caecum Are Myogenic

Cited by 21 publications

References 16 publications

Sonographic Characteristics of Rectal Sensations in Healthy Females

Sonographic Characteristics of Rectal Sensations in Healthy Females

Evidence That Enteric Cholinergic Neurones Project Orally in the Intestinal Nerve of the Chicken

Effects of Xylo-Oligosaccharides on Broiler Chicken Performance and Microbiota

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About