Is “strategy” merely a sympathetic and convenient phrase, on closer scrutiny devoid of explanatory value as a scientific concept? Have we been beguiled by its appeal and should we now, wiser and sadder, return to less pretentious concepts such as tactics or agency? Or do we need more empirical applications and have we just begun to explore strategy's vistas?
"I would only be a burden to you". Co-resident kin in Dutch households, 1860-1940 This article studies regional and social differentiation in extended households in The Netherlands, measured at the birth of the hsn research persons. Between ten to fifteen percent of their native families were extended, multiple families were very rare. After a short peak in the 1870s, a secular decline in extended households set in. Kin co-residence declined faster in the cities than in the countryside. Not surprisingly, extended households occurred most frequent among farmers, who always could use an extra hand on the farm. In the eastern part of the country, co-residency was very common. Here, impartible inheritance rules prevailed and the heir was obliged to take in his parents as well as his unmarried siblings.
In their exploration of an alternative approach to large historical databases, the authors aim to bridge the gap between the anticipations regarding Web-based collaborative work and the prevailing practices and academic culture in social and economic history. Until now, the collaboratory model has been derived from examples in the natural sciences. Moreover, publications on collaboratories in the social sciences and humanities revolved primarily around the potential of this model and were rarely based on actual research practices. In this article, the authors report on practices, risks, and opportunities of collaboratories in the field of social and economic history. The collaboratory model is a feasible alternative for the creation of large historical databases, but the practical chal lenges of such an enterprise are greater than generally assumed. In the concluding section, the authors formulate a number of guidelines for scholars interested in setting up collaboratories.
In a prospective, double-blind, randomized, clinical trial, glutathione bicarbonate Ringer’s (GBR) intraocular irrigation fluid was compared with Ringer’s solution in 80 consecutive vitrectomies, with a mean follow-up of 5.8 months. No differences could be found with regard to visual acuity, corneal edema, anterior chamber flare, postoperative intraocular pressure ≥ 30 mm Hg or phthisis bulbi. In this study, the superiority of GBR solution over Ringer’s solution demonstrated in vitro could not be confirmed.
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