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Pollution of water bodies in most developing countries is of grave concern since toxic pollutants interact with the genetic blueprints of aquatic organisms leading to a variety of illnesses. In this study, histological changes in the gills, liver and kidney as well as the genotoxic effect of water sample from Apodu reservoir, were investigated in the peripheral erythrocytes of cultured catfish (Clarias gariepinus) using micronucleus assay. They were exposed to the water sample for a period of 3, 7 and 14 days. The physico-chemical (pH, temperature, transparency) and heavy metals analysed (Ca>Mg>Fe>Zn>Mn>Cu>Ni=Pb=Cd=Cr) were all within the acceptable limit permissible. However, the micronucleus test shows statistically significant (p<0.05) induction of micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities as compared to the control (borehole water). The histopathological analysis shows some mild alterations in the organs such as distortion and infiltration of lymphocytic cells of the gills. We also reported mild distortion of hepatic tissue of the liver as well as abnormal nephron and glomeruli with congestion and vascular dilation of the kidney. These alterations might be due to anthropogenic activities that pollute the water body. Therefore, the influx of agricultural and domestic waste into the Apodu reservoir should be discouraged as part of remediating efforts.

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The paper examines criminality as one of the second order consequences of development which the society has been struggling off for so long. In the study area, Kwara State of Nigeria, positive associations between development and criminality have begun to manifest themselves. The highest positive associations are between criminality and urbanization, telephone and motor vehicles respectively, while the lowest associations are with industrialization, electricity and education. In order to reduce criminality without holding down development in the state, various suggestions have been made. Central measures include more equitable distribution of criminality, strengthening of the police force and free mobilization of policemen from high crime areas to low crime areas. Long term measures include improving the socio-economic wellbeing of the general populace with special reference to the provision of modern industries, education, electricity, water and roads to rural dwellers and thereby curbing the wave of rural-urban migration and its attendant social ills. This should be accompanied by unqualified deep-rooted revolution in the monstrously unjust socio-economic system we currently operate, for afterall, as Peer (1975) rightly observed "crime is a surface expression of discontents which lie deeply embedded in the social system".

The changes in Nigerian manufacturing have generally made a positive contribution to the country's development planning goals and aspirations . A net gain of over 177,000 jobs in ten years has offered some relief to unemployment in the country . Similarly, the growth in manufacturing's contribution to gross domestic product, from about 4 .0 per cent in 1958 to about 8 .0 per cent by 1975, is significant. Also, although the rate is still slow, the intermediate and capital goods sectors are gradually expanding at a rate faster than that of the consumer goods sector . Finally, from the time when emphasis shifted from a growth pole strategy to a balanced development growth approach, there has been considerable redistribution of manufacturing in the country. This was precipitated largely by the creation and multiplication of states, and by the consequent impact of political and tribal forces on regional policy decisions .[First

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