The study identified the levels of pollution such as turbidity, chloride, silica, solids and E-coli in potable water at the point of treatment in Eleyele treatment plant and at various points in the consumer premises, some distance away from the treatment plant to ascertain the quality of water in the pipe distribution network within Ibadan city. Water samples were collected at eleven different locations and subjected to physical, chemical and bacteriological tests and analyses. The results showed that the physical and chemical quality of Eleyele water works compete favourably with international standards such as those of the World Health Organization (WHO) but the bacteriological quality was suspect. Deterioration in water quality with respect to bacteriological quality in the distribution network could be as a result of pipe rust, and old age, leading to constant pipe leakages and burst wherein the E-coli contaminated water infiltrated into the pipe distribution network. In order to avoid E-coli contamination, the study recommends that maintenance of water pipe distribution networks should be planned, implemented and controlled at the same optimum level and operation as for the treatment facilities and the protection of the water source in order to meet international standards.
SUCH is the ferocious immediacy of the threat of terrorism that a whole host of other issues, some that may in the long term prove perhaps equally debilitating for the country, have ended up being pushed into the shadows.
Considering the importance of air to human existence, air pollution is a critical issue that requires collective effort for its prevention and control. The anthropogenic activities keyed into a crystal responsibility which resulted in environmental dilapidation and ruin. One of the tools that can be used for such a campaign is Air Quality Index (AQI). This study carried out an air quality survey of some air pollutants in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State Nigeria with the view to develop the AQI. The AQI was based on the concentrations of four pollutants. The index is calculated from the concentrations of the following pollutants: PM2.5, PM10, CO and SO2. The air quality sample was taking in July 2017 (rainy season) and January 2018 (dry season) for a period of one week in each season. Seven sampling points across two environmental zones in the study area, namely commercial and residential (high-income and low-income areas), were considered, resulting in 42 samples for each of the 4 air pollutants, totaling 392 samples. The results show that the AQI was generally lower during the rainy season than the dry season, and that the AQI in the high-income residential areas was most favorable, ranging from good to unhealthy for sensitive group. The worst scenario was recorded in the commercial environmental zones, which ranged from moderate to hazardous. There is a need for constant and continuous monitoring of air quality for development of AQI, which in turn will enable clear communication of how clean or unhealthy the air in the study area is; it will usher in environmental degradation, dilapidation and will ruin the awareness campaign.
Energy supply and utilization is one of the economic indices of regional development and standard of living. Energy availability in the rural areas of Nigeria is fast becoming a great challenge with the high cost of cooking gas and kerosene and environmental problems associated with firewood. The paper demonstrated the use of a pilot model study (floating drum plant) of bio-decomposition of animal waste (cattle dung and fodder) in an anaerobic condition (single batch system) to generate methane for domestic cooking. This is a unique way of waste management with additional values of energy accessibility, reliability, quality, cost and benefits including environmental and social aspects. Method involved the pre-treatment of the substrate and its inoculation. Material compositions were batched by weight. Gas produced was monitored for 10 times at 3 days interval effective from the fifth day of retention. Efficiency increased to peak at the 11th day (32.8% of the total cumulative, TC) and reduced to 1.2% TC at the 22nd day.
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