The present study provides PST normative data for basic, interference, and error scores stratified by age (60-96 years). PST appears to be a helpful tool for the diagnostics of PD-MCI especially in research settings at Level II (Litvan et al., 2012) and for PD-MCI attention/working memory and executive function subtyping.

Despite poor to questionable internal consistency of ToL-SS, the discriminative validity and clinical utility for assessing planning deficits in PD-MCI and SCH are high. This study provides normative standards for all four ToL-SS on an adult population for use in clinical practice.

Patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) are at higher risk for conversion to dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Semantic verbal fluency (SVF) seems to be impaired in the early stages of AD. The goal of the present study was to identify the discriminative potential of verbal fluency (VF) in patients with SCD to show if very early signs of cognitive decline may be detected in SCD. We examined 93 normal controls (NC) and 61 participants with SCD. Each participant was administered a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. All participants underwent tests of VF: phonemic verbal fluency (PVF), letters K and P and SVF (animals and vegetables categories). In addition to the total score, two 30-second intervals, and clustering and switching indices in SVF were evaluated. SCD generated fewer words in the total score and 30- to 60-second interval in vegetables category and they performed more switches in animals category. There was no significant difference between the SCD and the NC groups in all other VF measures. Quantitative measures of SVF (a decreased number of vegetables) as well as qualitative measures were detected in SCD group and could be considered as an early neuropsychological marker of subtle cognitive impairment.

According to our results, with regard to the factors that were followed, self-stigmatisation correlates with the presence of employment (social inclusion), duration of illness in patients with psychosis and treatment adherence. We did not find a statistically significant influence of age, gender, marital status or clinical diagnosis on the level of self-stigma.

Background/Aims: The aim of the present study was to provide normative data and determine the validity of the Czech version of the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale 2 (czDRS-2) in screening for mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD-MCI) based on the Movement Disorder Society (MDS) Level II criteria. Methods: For validation purposes, 41 healthy controls (HC), 46 patients with PD-NI (Parkinson's disease, no impairment) and 41 patients with PD-MCI (all groups assessed by the MDS Level II criteria for PD-MCI) were matched according to age and education. Results: With screening and diagnostic cutoff scores determined at ≤139 points, the czDRS-2 showed a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 88% in the detection of PD-MCI versus HC and a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 76% in the detection of PD-MCI versus PD-NI. The AUC (95% confidence interval) for the czDRS-2 was 84% (75-93) and 82% (73-91), respectively. We report percentile values for 286 subjects from the Czech population stratified by education level. Conclusion: Our results show that the czDRS-2 is a valid instrument at Level I for screening PD-MCI and support its construct validity and diagnostic equivalence in a cross-cultural setting.

Implementing a modern concept for psychosocial rehabilitation aimed at progressing the recovery of people with complex mental health problems can improve the quality of care in longer term inpatient settings.

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Background: The aim of the present study was to provide empirical evidence regarding the classification accuracy of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (MDS) neuropsychological battery (NB) in the determination of Parkinson's disease mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI). Methods: The present cross-sectional study included 106 PD patients subjected to PD-MCI classification at Level I and 120 healthy controls (HCs). All HC and PD subjects were then assessed with MDS-NB at Level II and matched according to age and education using different thresholds (1.5 and 2.0 standard deviations [SDs] below average). Results: We found that Level I and II resulted in different classifications of PD-MCI status. Detection thresholds of -1.5 SD and -2.0 SDs at Level II had also a significant impact on the discriminative validity of all measures in the MDS neuropsychological battery, based on area under the curve analyses. Overall, semantic fluency showed the highest potential in all comparisons not only between PD-MCI and HC, but also between PD-MCI and PD with no deficit (PD-ND). Conclusions: Our results show that the battery at Level II is applicable and that some measures, such as semantic fluency, have high discriminative validity in the detection of PD-MCI versus PD-ND and HCs.