A tetraalkyl ammonium cation and furoate anion based functionalised ionic liquid (FIL), N-methyl-N,N,N-trioctylammonium furoate ([MTOA]+[FA]–) has been synthesised and characterised using FT-IR, NMR, and UV spectroscopic techniques. The invitro antimicrobial activity of the synthesised FIL against two types of Gram-positive bacteria, namely Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter faecalis as well as Gram-negative bacteria, namely Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was tested using a well diffusion method. Similarly, an antifungal test was done against Candida albicans. [MTOA]+[FA]– showed significant inhibitory effect against all the organisms tested as compared with the chosen standards. Antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria (zone of inhibition: 16 to 30mm) was found to be higher than that of Gram-negative bacteria (zone of inhibition: 11 to 19mm). Moreover, the antioxidant activity of the synthesised FIL from a ferrous ion (Fe2+) chelating assay and its scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, H2O2, and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) free radical using spectrophotometric methods are reported. The FIL, [MTOA]+[FA]– showed a moderate antioxidant activity.
In recent years, the diverse industrial practices and human inputs widely disseminated emerging contaminants (ECs) throughout environmental matrices, which is of great concern. Even at low concentrations, ECs pose major ecological problems and threaten human health and the environment’s biota. Consequently, people’s interest and concerns on the widespread dissemination of environmentally connected ECs of great concern as developed due to their scientific understanding, technical innovation, and socioeconomic awareness. Increased detection of contaminants may occur from climatic, socioeconomic, and demographic changes and the growing sensitivity of analytical techniques. Hence, this article reviews the determination of ECs in ecological specimens, from aquatic setup (river water, marine water, and wastewater), sludge, soil, sediment, and air. Sample collection and the quality measures are summarized. The preparation of samples, including extraction and cleanup and the subsequent instrumental analysis of ECs, are all covered. Traditional and recent extraction and cleanup applications to analyze ECs in samples are reviewed here in this paper. The detection and quantification of ECs using gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) linked with various detectors, particularly mass spectrometry (MS), is also summarized and explored, as are other possible techniques. This study aims to give readers a more excellent knowledge of how new and improved approaches are being developed and serve as a resource for researchers looking for the best method for detecting ECs in their studies.
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